ffl . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OK THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATUKAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. VOLUME XXV, 1914. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE : EZRA T. CRESSON J- A. G. REHN. PHIL:P LAURENT H. w. WKNZF.L. PHILADELPHIA : ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1914. The several numbers of the NEWS for 1913 were mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office as follows : No. 1 January January 2, 1914. " 2 February January 31 " 3 March February 28 " 4 April March 31 " 5 May April 30 6 June June 1 " 7 July June 30 " 8 October September 30 " 9 November October 31 The date of mailing the December, 1914, number will be announced in the issue for January, 1915. PRESS OF P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. (* Indicates new genera, species or varieties.) ALDRICH, J. M. Bibliography of Diptera 104 ALEXANDER, C. P. The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hun- garian National Museum III-IV 205, 351 ALLARD, H. A. Locust Stridulations 463 BANKS, N. Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica. 149 Two new Species of Psychoda 127 BARNES, W. & J. McDuNNOUGH. A Note on Arg\nnis lanrenti 324 BERRY, L. (See ROWLEY, R. R.) BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. Monograph of the Chrysoph- anids 299 BLAISDELL, F. E. Minutes of the Pacific Coast Entomo- logical Society. (See under General Subjects.) BOWDITCH, F. C. Corrections in Phytophaga 284 BRAUN, A. F. Notes on No. American Tineina, with de- scriptions of New Species 113 BRUES, C. T. The Bethylid genus Mesitius in So. America. 119 BURGESS, A. F. & H. T. FERNALD. Annual Meeting, Ameri- can Association of Economic Entomologists 470 CALVERT, P. P. Aids to Scientific work 372 The Annual Entomological meetings 467 The first quarter century of the NEWS 467 Editorials. (See under General Subjects.) The influence of insects on civilization 74 Local arrangements for the Annual Meetings 470 Notes on a Gomphine exuvia from \Yilliams' Lake, Mala- gorda Co., Texas 454 Obituary: E. Olivier, E. A. Popenoe and A. G. Hammar.-^n Obituary : Charles S. Welles [92 Prevention of insect-borne diseases in the Army in Mexico -'^3 Review: Adam's Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology Review: Braun's Evolution of the Color I'atk-ni in the Microlepidopterous < '.onus Lithocolletis -'31 > iv INDEX. Review : Picado's Les Bromeliacees fipiphytes Con- siderees comrae Milieu Biologique 87 Review : Shelford's Animal Communities in Temperate America 82 Review: Williston's Water Reptiles of the Past and Present 477 Side lights on Entomology 229 Studies on Costa Rican Odonata 337 The Waterfall-Dwellers : Thauniatoncnra images and possible male dimorphism 337 (See also MacGillivray & Calvert.) CAMPBELL, R. E. A new Coccid infesting Citrus trees in California 222 CHAMBERLIN, R. V. Notes on Chilopods from the East Indies 385 CHRYSLER, M. A. Side lights on Entomology 229 CLAGGET, G. A spider swathing mice 230 CLEMENCE, V. L. A new Lycaena from Arizona 28 COCKERELL, T. D. A. A mite gall on Clementsia 466 A new Coccid from Arizona no A new wasp from Colorado 32 Sclrinia gloriosa 38 Suggestions for the Bibliographical Dictionary of Ento- mologists 325 COCKERELL, W. P. An adventure while collecting bees in Guatemala 217 CRAMPTON, G. C. Notes on the thoracic sclerites of wing- ed insects 15 CRAWFORD, D. L. A recently described Psyllid from East Africa 62 CRESSON, E. T., JR. "Daddy-long-legs?" 38 Do house flies hibernate ? 231 Descriptions of new genera and species of the Dipterous family Ephydridae 24 1 Descriptions of new No. American Acalyptrate Diptera.457 The male of Syringogaster bntnnca from Peru 26 More nomenclatorial notes on Trypetidac 323 INDEX. v Review : Wytsman's Genera Insectorum 236 Some nomenclatorial notes on the Dipterous family Try- petidae 275 CRESSON, E. T., JR., and J. A. G. REHN. Entomological Literature. (See under General Subjects.) CROSBY, C. R. The identity of two insects, each described by Ashmead as Megastigmus flaripes 27 DODD, A. P. A new genus of Platygasteridae from Aus- tralia 416 A new Proctotrypoid genus from Australia 126 A new Platygasterid genus with remarkable antennae. .455 A new Proctotrypoid egg-parasite from the West Indies. 350 New Proctotrypoidea from Australia 251 DUSHAM, E. H. A method of injecting the tracheae of in- sects 468 ELLIS, M. D. New American bees of the genus Halic- tlt * 97, I5 1 EMERTON, J. H. Recent collections of spiders in New- foundland and Labrador 117 EVERMANN, B. W. A note on the abundance of the thistle butterfly, Pyrameis cardui 415 EVER, J. R. & C. H. MENKE. Adelocephala bisecta 151. FELT, E. P. Review : Kieffer's Cecidomyiidae in the Gen- era Tnsectorum . iS; *. ' FERNALD, H. T. Parasites of the San Jose Scale 3<; (See also Burgess & Fernald.) FRANZEN, J. W. Minnesota butterflies 363 GILLETTE, C. P. Two Colorado plant lice _>< >< i GIRAULT, A. A. Fragments on North American in- sects 180, 268, 2X3 Length of the pupal stage of Adalia bipnnctatci 155 A Locustid laying eggs 3 j i Naphthalene and fleas 130 A new Chalcidid genus and species of Hymenoptcra from Australia 30 A new genus of Chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the family Cleonymidae from Australia 396 A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia 2^ vi INDEX. A new species of the remarkable Hymenopterous genus Smicromorpha with correction of the generic descrip- tion 461 Overwintered cocoons surviving forest fire 148 Standards of the number of eggs laid by insects {Peri- planet a australasiae) 296 Standards of the number of eggs laid by spiders III ... 66 Supposed diseased eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemerae- jormls and records of parasites 167 The twentieth Australian species of Elasmus 32 CODING, F. W. Catalogue of the Membracidae of Uru- guay 397 GREENE, G. M. Minutes of the Feldman Collecting So- cial. (See under General Subjects.) GRINNELL, F., JR. An individual variation of Lorquin's Admiral, Limenitis lorqninii 462 Obituary : J. J. Rivers 143 HANCOCK, J. L. Some corrections in names of So. Ameri- can Tetriginae 328 HASKIN, J. R. Butterfly collecting in Mojave Co., Arizona. 300 HEBARD, M. (See J. A. G. REHN.) HUGUENIN, J. C. Notes on Calligrapha sigmoidea 419 Observations on an insectivorous larva 327 HUNGERFORD, H. B. (See F. X. WILLIAMS.) JOHNSON, C. W. Notes on inadequate locality labels .... 123 KELLOGG, V. L. & S. NAKAYAMA. Mallophaga of the Viz- cacha 193 LEHR, W. Critical Remarks on Seitz' Macrolepidoptera of the World 138 LEUSSLER, R. A. An improved method of caring for speci- mens of butterflies on extended collecting trips 202 LOVELL, J. H. The origin of Oligotropism 314 Why do honey bees discriminate against black? 407 McDuNNOUGH, J. (See BARNES, W.) MACGILLIVRAY, A. D. & P. P. CALVERT. Annual Meeting, Entomological Society of America 469 MAIDL, F. & HANDLIRSCH, A. Third International Con- gress of Entomology 420 INDEX. vii MALLOCII, J. R. A new Borborid from Panama 31 New American Diptera 172 Notes on North American Agromyzidae 308 MARLATT, C. L. The alligator pear-weevil a correction .. 37 MENKE, C. H. (See EVER, J. R.) MUTTKOWSKI, R. A. Obituary: G. W. Peckham 148 NAKAHARA, W. A new Dilar species from Japan 297 NAKAYAMA, S. (See V. L. KELLOGG.) REHN, J. A. G. & M. HEBARD. On the Blatta aci/vptiaca of Drury I2r On the genus Phoetalia of authors 216 A new species of true katydid from Western Texas . . .292 ROBERTSON, C. A new Melissodes 373 Origin of Oligotropy of bees (>7 ROHWER, S. A. The Nearctic species of the Hymenop- terous genus Synipha 168 ROWLEY, R. R. & BERRY, L. 1913 as a Catocala year. . . .157 SCHMALTZ, R. Mantis rcligiosa in Rochester, New York, in 1913 178 SCHROERS, P. A. Preliminary list of Heterocera captured in and around St. Louis, Mo 59 SIMMS, H. M. Huptoieta claudia at Montreal 109 An aberration of Pyrameis huntera 33 SKINNER, H. Ambuly.r strigilis in Florida 229 Callosamia Promethea and angulifera 468 Colias eurytheme and its varieties 325 Minutes of the American Entomological Society. (See under General Subjects.) Minutes of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (See under Gen- eral Subjects.) A note on Argymris lanrcnti 324 Notes on Lycaena .rcrces, antiacis, polyp/taints 326 Obituary : Dr. J. Rrackenridge Clemens _>8< i Obituary : H. H. Lyman 335 On writing history i J< i Parasites of the San Jose Scale 31) Review : Legros's Fabre, Poet of Science 81 viii INDEX. Review: Oberthur's tudes Lepidopterologie Coin- paree 47, 379 Review : Patton & Cragg's Text-book of Medical Ento- mology 333 Review : Pierce's The Genitalia of the Geometridae of the British Islands 476 Sanitation in Vera Cruz, Mexico 417 (See also E. M. Swainson.) SWAINSON, E. M. & H. SKINNER. The larva of Papilio homeriis 348 DE LA TORRE BUENO, J. R. The collection of the late G. W. Kirkaldy 418 British Guiana Heteroptera 257 European Heteroptera alleged to occur in the U. S. . . .230 TOWNSEND, C. H. T. Human case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum 40 Sequelae of human verruga case traceable to Phleboto- mus verrucarum 131 Species limits in the genus Lucilia in The species-status and the species-concept 9 VAN DUZEE, M. C. New species of North American Do- lichopodidae 404, 433 VESTAL, A. G. Notes on habitats of grasshoppers at Doug- las Lake, Mich 105 WEISS, H. B. Insects found on Nursery stock imported into New Jersey during 1913 392 Some facts about the egg nest of Paratenodera sinensis.2^ WILLIAMS, F. X. & H. B. HUNGERFORD. Notes on Coleop- tera from Western Kansas I WILLIAMS, R. C. One hundred butterflies from the Jamez Mountains, New Mexico 263 WILLIAMSON, E. B. Dragonflies collected in Texas and Oklahoma 411, 444 Gomphus pallid us and two new related species 49 September dragonflies about Mesa, Arizona 225 Sympetrum obtrusum and costiferum in Maine 456 WILSON, H. F. A new sugar cane aphis 298 ZIMMER, J. T. Cimc.v pipistrclli in North America 418 INDEX. IX GENERAL SUBJECTS. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (see Ento- mological Section). Aids to Scientific Work 372 American Association for the Advancement of Science and Affiliated Societies, Papers presented at the Atlanta Meeting 92 American Entomological So- ciety, Minutes 188, 427 Bibliographical Dictionary of Entomologists 227, 325 Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh, Entom. Additions to 460 Comstock Memorial Library Fund 321 Convocation Week Meetings 92 Discrimination against black 407 Disease in the Army in Mexi- co, Prevention of Insect- borne 283 Economic Entomologists, An- nual Meeting, American Association of 470 Editorials, 34, 74, 129, 179, 227, 283, 322, 372, 417, 467. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meet- ing 469, 4/0 Entomological Meetings, 467, 469, 470. Entomological Section of the Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 141, 477 Entomologist's Monthly Mag- azine, Jubilee 325 Errata 480 Ethics of publication 179 Eye-size and habits 479 Fabre, Proposed Monument to 321 Eeldman Collecting Social, 88, 237, 334, 429. France, Entomological Society of ........................ 240 Guatemala, Adventure in .... 217 Hagen, Scattered Writings of Dr. H. A ................. 262 Honorary Fellows of the London Society .......... 120 Influence of insects on civili- zation .................... 74 Injecting the tracheae of in- sects ..................... 468 Insect-borne Diseases in the Army in Mexico, Preven- tion of ................... 283 Insects affecting mammals, 193,418 Insects found on Nursery Stock imported into New Jersey during 1913 ....... 392 International Congress of En- tomology, Third .......... 420 Literature, Entomological, 41, 75, 134, 1 80, 231, 284, 329, 373, 421, 472. Locality labels, Inadequate .. 123 Mammals and Insects ...193, 418 Napthaline and Fleas ........ 130 Number of eggs laid by in- sects ...................... 296 Oligotropism, Origin of... 67, 314 Pacific Coast Entomological Society ................... 380 Photographs received ....... 37 Quarter Century of the NEWS 407 Sanitation in V e r a C r u z, Mexico ................... 417 Side lights on Entomology .. jjij Species-status and Species- concept ................... 9 Summer work on Lake Erie 231 Theses on Entomology i n American Universities in- Thoracic sclerites of winged insects (pi. Ill) .......... 15 INDEX. Verruga traceable to Phle- botomus 40, 131 What is a Species 322 Zoological Nomenclature, In- ternational Commission on 371 OBITUARY NOTICES. Chun > C 335 Clemens, J. B. (illus.) 289 Desbrochers des Loges, J. . . . 48 Fuchs, C 384 Gill, T. N 432 Grossbeck, J. A 2 88 Hammar, A. G 240 Huber, J 288 Lyman, H. H 335 Moeser, F. E 335 Olivier, E 240 Pagenstecher, A 144 Peckham, G. W. (illus.) .. .96, 145 Popenoe, E. A 240 Reuter, O. M 48 Rivers, J. J I43 Saunders, W 4 g o Welles, C S ',',', IQ2 PERSONALS. Barber, H. S 292 Comstock, J. H 321 Cresson, E. T ig O , 201 Cresson, G. B 201 Dolley, W. L "'.'.', 4ig Essig, E. 349 Fracker, S. B 4:9 Glaser, R. W 419 Handlirsch, A 371 Melander, A. L 419 Patten, B. M 419 Quayle, H. J 292 Reuter, O. M 65 Schulze, G 371 Semenoff Tian-Shanski, A. P. 120 Skinner, H no Smith, L. W 419 Smith, R. G 419 Townsend, C. H. T 349 Wallace, A. R 34, 65 Wenzel, H. W 29 PLANTS ATTACKED OR VISITED. Plants affected by Insects ...392 Acacia 399 Alligator pear 37 Asplenium 311 Aster 104, 117 Bidens 319 Bigelovia 301, 307, 320 Boltonia 69 Camptosorus 3 11 Cassia 73 Chimarrhis 349 Clementsia 466 Cleome 3*9 Cnicus 69 Coffee-tree (see Gymnocladus) Coreopsis 69 Croton 158 Dandelion (see Taraxacum) Datura 152 Dirca 115 Elymus 115 Erigeron 117 Eryngium 402 Fern (see Camptosorus, Asplen- ium) Ficus 64 Fig (see Ficus) Frasera 99 Gall-berry (see Ilex) Glcditlschia 1 56 Gutierrezia 320 Gymnocladus 156 Hclianthus 69, 153, 319 Heracleum 99 Hibiscus 71, 349 Hickory 430 Honey locust (see Gleditschia). INDEX. XI Ilex 315 Ipomoea 73 Lcpidospartum 36 Mahoe (see Hibiscus). Monarda 319 Moosewood (see Dirca). Nuttallia 153 Oak (see Quercus). Oenothera 7 2 Orpine (see Clemcntsia). Pansy 365 Pctalostenwn 73 Plum 151 Polemonium 99 Populus 269 Prosopis 319 Pulsatilla 98 Quercus 1 16 Saccharum 298 Salix 73, 319 Smila.v 114 Solidago |99, 319 Sophia 104 Strophostyles 73 Syringium 400 Taraxacum 313 Verbena 72 Verbesina 319 Veratrum 99 Veronia 69 } 'iborquia no Virginia creeper 104 Wild rye (see Elyinus). Willow (see Salix). REVIEWS. Adams : Guide to the 'Study of Animal Ecology 82 Braun : Evolution of the Col- or Pattern in tne Micro- lepidopterous Genus Litho- colletis 236 Keiffer : Genera Insectorum, Cecidomyiidae 185 Legros : Fabrc, Pud of Sci- ence 81 Oberthiir : Etudes Lepidop- terologie Comparee 47, 379 Patton & Cragg: A Textbook of Medical Entomology... 333 Picado : Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes Considerees comme Milieu Biologique. 87 Pierce: The Genitalia of the Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands 476 Seitz : Macrolepidoptera of the World 138 Shelford : Animal Communi- ties in Temperate America 82 Williston : Water Reptiles of the Past and Present 477 Wytsman : Genera Insectorum 236 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI- BUTION. Arizona: Col., 432; Hem., no; Hym., 103; Lep., 28, 300; Odon., 225. California: Col., 381, 382, 383; 384; Dipt., 383, 457, 458; Hem., 222; Hym., 154, 382; Lep., 327, 380, 381, 415, 419, 462. Canada: Dipt., 440; Lep., 33, 109. Colorado: Arac., 466; Hem., 269; Hym., 32, 97, 171. Connecticut : Dipt., 239. Delaware: Col 432 District of Columbia: Hym., 172. Florida: Dipt., 439; Lep., 229, 477; Odon., 53, 454; Orth., 189, 191. Georgia : Dipt., 405, 436, 460 ; Odon., 53. Illinois: Dipt., 310, 459; Odon., 54- Indiana: Odon 53 Kansas : Col. i Xll INDEX. Kentucky: Lep., no: Odon.. 54 Labrador: Arac 117 Louisiana : Hem 53. 208 Elaine : Odon 456 Man-land: Col.. 268. 382: Dipt. I2> - - Hym.. 283: Lep.. 180. 283: Xeu.. 268. Massachusetts : Odon 54 Michigan : Orth 105 Minnesota : Lep Missouri: Lep.. 59: Odon... 54 Montana: Lep 477 Nebraska : Hem 418 Newfoundland: Arac 117 Xew Jersey: Col.. Sg. 91. 237. 334 430. 432: Dipt., go. 174. 430. 441. 442. 443: Odon.. 238. Xew Mexico: Col.. 238: Dipt.. 173; Hym.. 104. 151: Lep.. 263. Xew York: Dipt.. 128. 311, 434. 435- 437: Orth.. 178. 238. Ohio: Lep 114 North Carolina : Dipt 404 Oklahoma: Odon. ...54. 411. 444 Oregon : Hym 170 Pennsylvania : Col.. 89. 90, 237. 238, 334- 335- 430. 43i- 43-': Dipt., 88. 90. 141. 175. 238. 309. 427. 429. 430, 431: Hym.. 432; Lep., 90, 91. 431. 468: Odon.. 52. 141. Tennessee : Odon 54. 453 Texas: Col.. 335: Hym.. 169; Odon.. 54. 411. 444; Orth., 293. Virginia : Col.. 89; Dipt.. 405, 438; Hym.. 89: Orth., 463. Washington : Hym 170 Wyoming : Dipt 458 Africa : Xeu 62 Australia : Hym.. 25, 30. 32, 126. 251. 396. 416. 455- 461: Orth., 296. Central America: Col.. 141. 478; Dipt.. 31. 244; Hym.. 102; Lep., 480: Xeu.. 149: Odon.. 348. 428. 478. 479- East Indies : Arac 385 Jamaica: Hym.. 100: Lep... 34^ Japan : Xeu 297 Porto Rico : Hym 155. 350 South America: Dipt.. 40. 205. 243. 351; Hem.. 257. 307: Hym.. 1 19: Mall.. 196. ARACHNIDA. Eggs laid by spiders 66 .vM/ijfMJ. i'loborsus 66 Mite gall on Clememsia .... 400 rhodiolac, Eriopliycs 400 Spider swathing mice 230 Spiders, Standards of the number of eggs laid by . . 66 Swathing of mice by a spider 231- COLEOPTERA. Adalia (see bipunctata). Alligator pear weevil ( see Hci!if>us lauri). A niblychila cylii'.driformis. Larval burrows and Feed- ing habits (illus.") 4. 5 Antenna-cleaners 141. 142 apicalis, Asphacra 284 Asphacra (see apicalis. iiiar- ginatii. variabilis) . bipunctata, Adalia 155 .'.'icrus, Chilscsrus - x Callitiraplia (see siiiiiundcd}. Chiloconis (see bi:'iilncrns). cylindriformis, AmblychUa .. 2 Dendroctonus (see i)iontict~>- lae). Forest insect depredations in the Hetch Hetchy watershed of the Yosemite Xational Park 132 gigantea, Hornia (illus.) .... i HeilipHS (see lauri). Hornia (see gigantea). INDEX. xin Horns of Scarabaeidae, Func- tions of .................. 478 lauri, Heilipus .............. 37 marginata, Asphacra ........ 284 monticolae, Dcndroctonus . . 133 Xeplirica (see marginata ( As- Pachytcles (see scriatoporus t . Phytophaga. Corrections in .. 284 Post pupal development in Chilocorus biz'ulnerus ...... 268 Pupal stage of Adalia bi- puuctata .................. 155 scriatoporus, Pachyteles .... 141 siginoidea, Calligrapha ...... 419 variabilis, Asphaera ......... 284 DIPTERA. abnormis*, Lectcria (illus)... 211 abortive*, Tipula ............ 358 Acalyptrate D., Xew Xorth American ............. 241. 4-7 Agromyza (setborealis, dubit- ata, fclti, flaronigra, fumi- costa, longispinosa, margin- alis, melampyya. plcuralis, quadrisetosa, xanthophora, young*)- Agromyzidae, Notes on Xo. American ................ 308 am-acomca, Microtipula ...... 362 ambiyuus*, Planinasus (illus.) 246 amcricanus, Systcnus ....404, 443 anyulatiis* , Paraclius (illus.) 436, 443 annulipcs, Erioptera ......... 205 Aphiochaeta (see submani- cata). uptcrnyync, Tipula .......... 358 aniiillaris, Lectcria .......... 21 1 Asyndetus (see harbcckii\. aterriwa*, Psychoda ......... 128 iiutumnalis*, Psychoda ...... 127 basalis*, Philygria (illus.) ...246 Bibliography of D 104 bispinosa*, Pseudostenophora. 173 borcalis. Aqromyza 311 brnnnea, Syringogaster (il- lus.) 26 Calobata (see nas< cah'erti*. Philygria <'illu. i . 247 cainpa*. Tipula (illi:-. > carbona*, Tetauops Carphotricha 323 Ccromctopiim* (see mosilloi- des'). chrysoptera, Erioccra (illus. j . 214 Coelopa (see vanduzc conspcrsa, Limnophila 213 consularis, Pachyrrhina cordillerensis, Epiphragma ... 213 crcssoni*, Hydrotaca 172 Culicid pupa out of water . . . 268 curinao*, Tipula (illus/) 360 Diptera at high altitudes .... 295 Ditrieha 323 divaricata*, Taeniaptera 459 Dolichopodidae. Xew species of 404. 433 dursalis*, Xcurigona (illi: 434- 443 dubitata, Agromyza 313 emarginatus*, Medctcrus (il- lus..) 439- 443 Ephydridae. Xew genera and species of 241 Epiphragma (see cordillerensis). Erioccra (see chrysoptera, ohausiana, perdecora, sub- lima). Erii>ptcra (see annulipcs). fclti*, Agromyza 310 flaz-iciliatus*, Gymnoptcrnns 4"4- 443 flaridus*, Molnphihis (illu- flaripes*, Pcloropcodes (illu-.t 437- 443 XIV INDEX. fiavonigra, Agromysa 3 11 Fleas, Napthalene and 130 Forellia 323 frontalis*, Thinophilus . . 406, 443 fumicosta*, Agromysa 3 10 Castro [>s (see willistoni). giraulti, Lucilia 1 12 gladiator*, Tipula (illus.) .. 356 glabra, Mallochiclla 309 Gnophomyia (see luctuosa, maestitia, pervicax). granulosus*, Lytogastcr 249 guarani*, Tipula 357 guatemalensis, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207 Gymnopternus (see flavicilia- tus). haltcralis, Mallochiella 309 harbeckii*, Asyndctus (illus.) 442, 443 Hibernation of house flies . . 231 Holorusla (see fiavicornis, laevis, orophila, peruviana). Hoplogaster 323 House flies hibernate? Do... 231 Hungarian National Museum, Neotropical Tipulidae in the 205, 35i Hydrotaea (see crcssoni). illudens*, Rhabdomastix (il- lus.) 210 in fuse at a, Lucilia 112 kerteszi* Limnophila (illus.) . 212 laevis*, Holorusia (illus.) 353 Lecteria (see abnonnis, armil- laris). Leptocera (see subpiligera). Leucostola (see terminalis). Limnophila (see conspcrsa, kertcszi). Limosina (see also Leptocera). lobatus*, Medeterus (illus.) 441, 443 longispinosa, Agromyza 310 2 8 128 Lucilia (see giraulti, infus- cata, morrilli, terraenovac). luctuosa, Gnophomyia ....... 207 Lytogaster (see granulosus, pallipcs'). ^lacromasti.r (see pygmaca). maestitia*, Gnophomyia (il- lus.) ........ Malaria investigations, Tech- nical assistant in ........ Mallochiella (see glabra, hal- teralis). marginalis, Agromysa mclam- pyga ...................... Medeterus (see emarginiitus, lobatus, inodcstus) . melampyga, Agromyza ...... 31 1 Mcsocyphona (see also Eri- optcra). Microtipula (see amazonica). modestus*, Medeterus ...440, 443 Molophilus (see flavidus, gua- temalensis, Sagittarius, tau- rus). morrilli, Lucilia ............ II2 mosilloides*, Ccromctopum (illus.) ........ 242 nasoni*, Calobata ........... 459 nemorosa*, Psilephydra (il- lus.) ........... '244 Neotropical Tipulidae . . - . 35i Ncurigona (see dorsalis, ni- gric amis') . New American D ............ 172 nigricornis*, Ncurigona (il- lus.) ................. 433, 443 Nomenclatorial notes on Tip- ulidae ................ 275, 323 obliquc-fasciata, Tipula ...... 35 occulta*, Sigmatomcra (il- lus.) .................. 209 ohausiana, Erioccra ......... 215 Oplochacta .................. 323 orophila*, Ilolorusia ........ 354 INDEX. xv ovatus*, Paraclius (illus.) 436, 443 Pachyrrhina (see consularis) . pacifica*, Sepedon 457 pallipes*, Lytogaster 248 pallipcs*, Sphaerocera 31 Paracantha 277, 323 Paraclius (see angulatus, ova- tus). Paraspinophora (see pennsyl- vanica), Peloropeodes (see flazipcs). Pennsylvania*, Paraspino- phora 175 perdccora*, Eriocera (illus.) 213 peruviana*, Holorusia 355 pervicax*, Gnophomyia (il- lus.) 208 Philygria (see basalis, calvcr- ti). Phlebotomus (see verrucar- um). Phorellia 323 piro*, Tipula (illus.) 360 Planinasus* (see ambiguus). pleuralis*, Agromyza 311 Pseudostcnophora (see bispin- osa) . Psilcphydra (see ncmorosa). Psilopiclla* (see rutila). Psychoda (see atcrrima, au- tumnalis) . pygmaea*, Macromastix. (il- tos-) 351 quadrisctosa, Agromyza 310 Rhabdomastix (see illudcns). rutila*, Psilopiella (illus.) 439, 443 Sagittarius*, Molophilus (il- lus.) 207 Sepedon (see pacifica). Sigmatomcra (see occulta). Species limits in the genus Lucilia ,in Sphaerocera (see pallipcs). Spilographa 323 sublima*, Eriocera (illus.) .. 214 submanicata*, Aphiochaeta . . 175 subpiligcra*, Leptoccra 176 Syringogaster (see brunnea). Systenus (see americanus) . Taeniaptera (see divaricata). taurus*, Molophilus (illus.) . . 206 Tcphritis 277 tcrminalis*, Leucostola . .405, 443 tcrraenovae, Lucilia 112 Tetanops (see carbona). Thinophilus (see frontalis) . Tipula (see abortiva, apter- ogync, campa, curinao, glad- iator, guarani, oblique-fas- ciata, piro). Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum ....205, 351 Trupanca 278 Trypeta 276 Trypetidae, Some nomencla- torial notes on 275, 323 vanduzeei*, Co do pa 457 verrucarum, Phlebotomus 40, 131 willistoni*, Gastrops 250 xanthophora, Agromyza 310 youngi*, Agromyza 312 HEMIPTERA. acaciac, Pyranthc 401 Acutalis (see variabilis). acutula, Cryptoptcra 401 Aphis (see bituberculata) . arcchai'aleta*, Phormophora. 400 Argantc (see incumbcns, trcmolaris). Asiphum (see pseudobyrsa). bituberculata*, Aphis (illus). 298 brunnicornis, Ccrcsa 399 cavicornis, Ceresa 399 Ccrcsa (see brunnicornis, cavi- cornis, paupcrata, urupies, 20 cents ; each plate of line cuts, twenty five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers of coi vill be at the corresponding multiples of these rates. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE NEWS For 1914 are now due. ^Beginning with the number for January, 1914, the News will be mailed only to those who who have paid their subscriptions for 1914. Send all subscriptions to ENTOMOLOGICAL STEM'S Academy of S^atural Sciences Logan Square, Philadelphia, FAUNA HAWAIENSIS-ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH ISLES. Reviewed in November Entomological News. Very few complete sets left. 3 volumes complete, published about f 100, for $30. Parcels postage paid. J. HENRY WATSON, 70 Ashford Road, Wellington, Manchester, Eng. FLORIDA INSECTS of all Orders Also Fish, Batrachians, Reptiles, Shells and Marine Invertebrates Sold by A. G. REYNOLDS, Gulfport, Florida. * ** ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate I. 10 11 COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. JANUARY, 1914. No. i. CONTENTS: Williams and Hungerford Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas.. i Townsend The Species-status and the Species-concept 9 Crampton Notes on the Thoracic Scle- rites of Winged Insects 15 Girault A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia ( Hym., Chal- cidoidea ) 25 Cresson The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from Peru ( Dipt.) 26 Crosby The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by Ashmead as Me- gastigmus flavipes ( Hym. ) 27 Clemence A new Lycaena from Arizona ( Lep. ) 28 Wenzel Change of address 29 Girault A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenoptera from Aus- tralia '. 30 Malloch A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama 31 Girault The Twentieth Australian Spe- cies of Elasmus (Hym., Chalcidoi- dea ) 32 Cockerell A new Wasp from Colorado (Hym.) 32 Simms An Aberration of Pyrameis huntera (Lep.) 33 Editorial Alfred Russel Wallace) 34 Marlatt The Alligator Pear Weevil (Col ). A correction 37 Acknowledgment of Photographs Re- ceived 37 E. T. C., Jr. "Daddy-long-legs"? 38 Cockerell Schinia gloriosa Strecker ( Lep ) 38 Fernald Parasites of the San Jose Scale (Hym.) 39 Townsend Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus yerrucarum ( Dipt. ) 40 Notice to Authors 41 Entomological Literature 41 Review of Oberthur's Etudes Lepidop- terologie Comparee 47 Obituary Jules Desbrochers des Loges 48 Obituary Odo Morannal Reuter 48 Notes on Coleoptera from Western Kansas. By F. X. WILLIAMS, Bussey Institution, Harvard University, and H. B. HUNGERFORD, Kansas University. (Plates I and II.) FAM. MELOIDAE. Hornia gigantea Wellman, Ent. News Vol. XXII, page 15, 1911. The above named and recently described species of Meloid beetle* was taken in the egg, triungulin, pupal and adult stages from the cells of the cliff-bee, Anthophora occidentalis, the habits of which are discussed in a previous paper (Ent. News, XXIII, June 1912). This beetle was first taken from a colony of bees in Gove County. The colony was located in the sides and roof of a water-made cave. It had once been a large one, but this parasite had nearly depleted it. *Contrary to Dr. Wellman's statement, this beetle has the claws armed with a distinct basal spine (Fig. 10, PI. II). Whether this character would throw it out of the genus Hornia, is not a matter for us to decide. 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 At the date they were taken (June 20, 1910,) the beetles were just coming to maturity. Some were in the pupa stage but most were adults, still in the Anthophora cells. On the scopa of some of these bees taken in Gove County, were found triungulins, possibly of this species, eight being taken on the leg of one bee. (See PI. I, Fig. 7). They were found associated with this bee also in Greeley, Sheridan, Rush and Logan Counties. In Rush County, June 25, 1912, Mr. Isely, one of the En- tomological Survey party, in digging out Anthophora nests, discovered a number of eggs, recently hatched triungulins and an adult female, in the cells of one colony. (See PI. I, Figs, i and 2). Some of these triungulins succeed in attaching themselves to bees and are thus often transported to new cells, where the life history may be completed by feeding upon the stores of this bee. The life-history is, no doubt, much the same as that of the related Sitaris humeralis of Europe, which has been studied by Fabre. ClCINDELIDAE. Amblychila cylindriformis Say. According to the summer's observations of 1910, A. cylindri- formis adults were rare in western Kansas. They were found in three counties : Gove, Wallace and Greeley. In the succeed- ing summer's survey to southwestern Kansas, they occurred in Grant, Morton, Meade and Stanton Counties. On June 17, one adult was taken at 5 P. M. under a strip of canvas that lay on the ground by a tree. The beetle attempted to escape into a hole beneath the roots of the tree. No more adults were seen (though search was often made for them), until Wallace County was reached. Here, after a day of fruit- less search in holes of all kinds in the clay banks of the Smoky Hill river, where Amblychila larvae were said to be found, a small clay break near the top of a hill 300 yards from the river yielded the object of the hunt. This locality was visited at 5 P. M. and two Amblychila found crawling about over the ground. One was taken near a hole one-half inch in diameter, and the other near an old badger hole. Both tried to escape Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 and moved quite rapidly. The sky was darkened by threatening weather, and this may account for their early appearance. At subsequent times they were taken between the hours of 6.30 and 7.30 P. M., save one which was dug from a badger hole in the day time by one of the party. Other adults taken and not mentioned above were found along a cliff-like bank of the White Woman Creek, in Greeley County. While the adults were taken along the clay banks and breaks, the elytra were commonly found on the plains some distance from any banks. The adult begins to search for food at sunset. One was taken Aug. 17, 1910, and lived in captivity until Aug., 1911. Careful notes were made on this insect's habits. It was kept in an iron bucket in the Entomological Department Rooms. It was first placed in an earthen crock, in which had been poured a few inches of sand, but it was three weeks before it exca- vated a burrow. This was on Oct. ist. It closed its burrow to come out a week later, probably owing to the dry condition of the soil. The latter being watered, the beetle drank eagerly, its open jaws being pressed against the earth. It then buried itself again. If the ground was allowed to remain dry for any length of time, Amblychila would eventually be found at the surface. On such occasions it drank and ate normally and even eagerly, but at times went without taking food for a long while. Upon being placed outside the window on a cold day in win- ter, the beetle became torpid but soon became active when brought into the warm room. Concerning its feeding habits ; it seems apparent that owing to its poor sight and lack of agility, it sometimes endures prolonged fasts. It seems to rely more for guidance upon its antennae than upon its eyes. When fed from a pair of forceps it would usually take the insect in a gingerly, hesitating manner, at other times made a frantic effort to locate and secure an in- sect which had escaped its powerful jaws. Several wasps of the genera Polistes and Pelopoeus were offered it. It did not appreciate such morsels, however, and usually avoided them. When hard pressed by an undesirable insect (held with a pair 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 of forceps) it would turn on its back and fight furiously. A pentatomid bug which it once seized in its jaws caused the beetle considerable inconvenience, inasmuch as for a long time thereafter it attempted to rid itself of the evil odor of the bug, and remained with its mandibles deeply inserted in the soil. A stone being placed on its domain it made a hole beneath it and came to sally forth with some confidence when aroused. LOCATION OF LARVAL BURROWS OF A. CYLINDRIFORMIS Say. The larvae of this species greatly resemble in structure and general habits other larval forms of the family Cicindelidae. Their burrows were found widely distributed in western Kan- sas, and were rather numerous in Wallace, Wichita and Mor- ton Counties. They usually occurred in colonies of from two to eleven, the individual burrows being close together, often not more than one and one-half inches apart. Usually a colony can be cir- cumscribed by a ten inch radius. We found .in general two sizes of burrows, one small and containing larvae not over one-half inch long, and the other containing larvae about two inches long. One small burrow which we excavated was about four inches deep and had a diameter of one-sixteenth of an inch. The larger ones were a little less than one-half inch in diameter and about thirty inches deep. The rim was slightly elevated above the surface or sur- rounding level, and the entrance perfectly circular. The bur- rows have quite a characteristic way of going nearly straight down for about eighteen inches and then, turning to an angle of forty-five degrees downward, proceed about eighteen inches farther. This lower portion has a tendency to be feebly spiral. (See PI. II, Fig. 16). The burrow for the last eight or ten inches is quite noticeably enlarged, especially laterally, and the extreme end is invariably tightly packed with the remains of former repasts. (See PI. II, Fig. 14). The holes are generally located On the brow of a cliff, but one colony, figured in PI. II, Fig. 12, was found in muddy silt at the foot of a cliff-like bank, well below the recent flood level of the stream. Still others occurred on the high plain some Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 half a mile back from the bluffs. Two or three were found that had their openings in the face of the cliff. These sloped back and did not conform to the normal burrow. It was often noted that these larval colonies were situated near some larger hole, as that of the field mouse or badger. FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA LARVAE. Careful observations were made in Wallace County in early Aug. of the habits of a colony of six larvae, and upon two, singly located, but conveniently near. The colony of six is figured in PL II, Fig. 13. One of the other solitary ones is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The larval holes were on a level spot on the top of a twenty-foot cliff of sandy clay and a few feet from its brink. The said cliff defined the river bed and was at that time 300 feet from the flowing stream and extended for some distance along its side. Observations were begun August gth, shortly before sun- down. The colony was roughly sketched and each hole num- bered. When we arrived no larvae were at the surface, but at about dusk, cautiously, one by one, the brown "traps" were set, only to drop out of sight at the first disturbance. One came near the top and, by taking a half turn, the mandibles scraped dust down upon the "trap" which made it more deceptive than ever. A lantern was lighted and placed within a foot of the colony, but seemed not to disturb it. A beetle of the genus Trox was placed over the hole of No. 4. It was seized and dragged part- ly out of sight but as promptly brought up, lifted from the ground, and by a flip of the head, cast clear of the hole and the trap again set. A mantid (Litaneutria) was offered and seized by this same larva. This was at 7.41 P. M.. Number 2 took a moth offered from the forceps. Number 5 accepted a fly. Number 3, the largest of all the colony, was located in a hole, the mouth of which was one-half inch above the surrounding ground and close against the roots of a grass- clump. This larva greedily took a beetle of the genus Lach- nosterne. The last one in the colony fairly jumped at an ant- lion adult offered it and drew it into its burrow with lightning 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 speed. None of the larvae returned to the surface after being fed. Earlier the following evening the colony was again visited. The bank was searched for adults without success. The first larva appeared at or near its entrance at 6.35 P. M. The sky was one-half cloudy, wind from the south. This larva was one of the solitary ones and numbered 7. Number 6 was up at 6.39. Numbers i and 2 were up at 7.00 P. M. All "traps" were set by 7.03. A moment later a shout sent I, 3 and 6 down. Number 7 seemed wild and more easily disturbed than the others; perhaps it, being alone, got more to eat and was less greedy. At 7.20 a Pasimachus (coleopter) was given to number i. A struggle ensued. Twice the beetle managed to back to the surface only to be dragged from view again. Num- ber 2 was offered a Chalybion (wasp) which it took. Buzzing was heard within for some moments later. Number 6 took a Mutillid. Number 4 a Pelopoeus wasp head first. Number 3 took the head from a Cicindela which was too tightly held in the forceps. Number 5 took a Cicindela as it ran over the hole. Number 8 took a pentatomid. This closed the observations for the two evenings. We noted that the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis were rather general feeders, the Trox alone being rejected. The following morning the colony was visited. The body of the Pelo\poeus (legs and wings gone) was found three inches from number 2 and the body of Chalybion two inches from number 2. Number 8 was carefully excavated, a small guide- straw being used. The plan of the burrow is shown in PI. II, Fig. 14. The dimensions are there given. The colony was also very carefully excavated. Guide- straws were used and the digging done from one side. (See PI. II, Fig. 13), Each larva was placed in a vial bearing the number of the hole and the contents of each hole were placed in a vial similarly numbered. In all but two holes, number 8, to which was fed the Penta- tomid, and number 5, to which was given the Cicindela, we found the remains or parts of the food given the night before. In number i was found the Pasimachus one and a half inches Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 below the entrance, head downward and uninjured save that the claws were gone from the fore-tarsi. The larva was in the rear of the burrow and apparently unhurt. In number 2 the wings of the Chalybion were found just in front of the larva. In number 3 was found the frons of Cicindela. In number 4 the wings and legs of Pelapoeus. In number 5 the larva was not in the rear of the burrow but was found discolored and blackened for the first two-thirds of its length and in a stupor, apparently nearly dead. In referring to the notes of the night before, it was found that this one had taken the Cicindela, and it was evident that there had been a battle in which the rapid little tiger- beetle had got beyond the plated armor of the larva in that portion of the burrow where it widens out, and had won the struggle. In number 6 the abdomen of the Mutillid was found. A table at the end of this paper gives these notes in a con- cise form. As stated above, the extreme end of the burrow for a dis- tance of two and a half inches was packed with refuse of for- mer repasts. In several cases, as the sides of the burrows were carefully shaved away, there was an opportunity to see the larva naturally situated in its home. It was noted that as the larva grabbed at an object, the head would fly up and back- ward, the wave thus started would hump the back where the sharp prongs of the dorsal side could grasp the walls of the burrow. Four of the larvae of this colony were placed in holes made for them in cans containing clay and accepted food normally. Three were carried thus through the remaining camping trips and brought safely to the laboratory and placed in vertical holes in sandy soil. About a week later two of the larvae blocked up the mouth of their tunnels so that the location of the latter could not be well determined. The third did not con- ceal its whereabouts but kept its burrow open. The larvae were all dead by Feb., 1911. The stopping up of the holes may perhaps be explained by the hibernating instinct of the larvae. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 SUMMARY OF FEEDING HABITS OF AMBLYCHILA CYLINDRIFORMIS. No. Date Time at Surface Food Offered Result Remains of Food at Surface Remains of Food in Burrow Other food remains Condition of Larva I Aug. 10 P.M. 7 Pasimachus Attacked Alive i/^in. below sur- face, 5 tarsi gone Normal 2 " 9 " 10 " 7 Moth Chalybion Taken below 44 44 Chalybion body Chalybion wings 44 3 " 9 " JO " 7-03 Lachnosterna Cicindela Taken below Head taken off Frons of Cicindela 14 4 " 9 " 10 " 9 " 7-04 " 7-41 Trox Pelopoeus Litaneutria Taken then expelled Taken below 44 tt Body of Pelopoeus Wings and legs of Pelopoeus 44 5 " ,1 " dusk " 7-04 Fly Cicindela 44 44 it u Badly chewed and dis- colored 6 " 9 10 " 7-04 " 6.39 ant-lion,adult Mutillid 44 44 44 44 Abdomen of Mutillid Normal 7 " 10 " 6.35 Normal 8 " 10 " 7-04 Pentatomid 44 4 . Normal They came to surface to feed at dusk. They are general insect feeders but they reject distasteful insects. They may sometimes be overcome by the prey they have captured and sometimes fail to retain prey once caught. In summer of 1911 the larval forms were found widely distributed in southwestern Kansas but the adults were scarce as ever. FAM. HETEROCERIDAE, Heterocerus sp. Along the shores of the Sappa Creek, in Rawlins Co., we took some beetles of this genus which live in peculiar little urn- shaped mud cases. These cases were set in the mud with the necks just showing above the level. A side and top view are shown in PI. II, Fig. 15. EXPLANATION OF PLATES I AND II. Plate I. All figures enlarged. Fig. I. Egg of Hornia gigantea showing the enclosed embryo. Fig. 2. Young triungulin of Hornia yiyantea found in the nest of the bee, Anthophora occidentalis. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate II. o o COLEOPTERA FROM KANSAS-WILLIAMS AND HUNGERFORD. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 Fig. 3. Piece of cast larval skin of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 4. Pupa of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 5. $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 6. $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 7. Triungulin found on leg of the bee, Anthophora occidentals. Fig. 8. Head of $ cotype of Hornia gigantea. Fig. 9. Maxillary palpus of $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. IO. Fore tarsal claw of $ type of Hornia gigantea. Fig. ii. Antenna of $ Hornia gigantea. Plate II. All figures except Fig. 15 reduced. Fig. 12. Bird's eye view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylindriformis, on the sloping bank of White Woman Creek, Greeley County, Kansas, August, 1910. The pen- knife placed in the figure for comparison, is y/& inches long. The shaded holes are closed. Fig. 13. Vertical view of a colony of the larvae of Amblychila cylin- driformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910. Fig. 14. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Wallace County, Kansas, August, 1910. Fig. 15. Dorsal and lateral view of a mud nest of Heterocerus sp. Fig. 16. Vertical section through a tunnel of the larva of Amblychila cylindriformis, Morton County, Kansas, August, 1911. Photo by Love joy. The Species-status and the Species-concept. By CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Lima, Peru. The question as to what constitutes a species is as old as the science of biology. Nevertheless it is not yet satisfactorily answered. In the case of certain groups of plants and animals the answer is simple. These groups belong to old stocks that have long since passed through their period of evolutional activity, are- no longer undergoing extensive variation and specialization, and have lost at least in great part the transi- tional forms that arose during the process of their evolution. But when we attempt to define a species in younger groups which are still undergoing extensive evolution, or have but recently reached the climax of multiform development, the answer is not simple. Examples of such groups are furnished by the Muscoidea among insects and by the Compositae among IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 plants. The difficulty to be overcome in these groups arises from the presence of a large number of the transitional forms and individuals that are always produced during the evolution of stocks. What is to be done in such case? It is clear that what suffices to meet the requirements of the one case will not meet the quite distinct requirements of the other. The species-concept must therefore be modified to such extent as is necessary for adapting it to the requirements of each case. It has long been held that a species comprises all individuals whose interbreeding will produce fertile offspring. This can not now be accepted. Plants, insects, and even mammals, which the majority of biologists will agree are entitled to spe- cific recognition, possess this power. We have only to recall the plants which have been successfully hybridized within recent years and insect species which have mated and pro- duce fertile progeny. It is quite possible to secure fertile offspring from the union of certain distinct but closely allied species of flies, butterflies and beetles whose' external sexual organs admit of mating. Instances of hybrid insect races are on record. It is not within the limits of this article to cite cases, but the records show it to be practically beyond question that in certain instances the spermatozoa of one species have the power to fertilize the ova of another and produce there- from fertile individuals. Other definitions of species so far given, aside from the above, also fail to apply in young stocks. The keynote of all biological investigative work is to verify and record faithfully the results of one's investigations. Such results form a sure basis for further investigations. It is certain that all systematists do not yet fully realize the sig- nificance of some of the unchallenged results so far obtained. As a profitable though outre illustration, true nevertheless to living conditions, we may imagine an immense extent of fertile land surface covered with a varied and teeming flora and fauna still more or less in process of evolution and subjected to all the varied combinations of conditions that will support life, We may further imagine for the moment that we are not only intimately acquainted with each of the practically innumerable Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1 forms and individuals that compose this flora and fauna, but also that we are able to follow out in sequence all the lines of their issue through a period of a few millions of years. What would be the result of our observations in such case? It is certain that we would see many forms drop out, we would see many new ones arise, we would see great variations in some and less variation in others, we would see some persist in nearly their original form ; but most important of all from a taxono- mic and phylogenetic point of view we would witness the pro- duction of hordes and multitudes of transitional individuals and forms that would quite effectually clog any known system of classification, were they assembled with the typical forms in their entirety. At any given time in the production of these transitionals, the living residue would show plainer lines of separation, but specific and other limitations among them would not be amenable to current methods. These conditions are actually exemplified today in certain young stocks inhabiting favored regions. There are stocks of Muscoidea and Com- positae in the Andean montanya whose progenitors have al- most certainly been in that region or an equally favored con- tiguous area for the past two or three millions of years, and their living forms in many instances exemplify the conditions just mentioned. While this region is probably the most highly favored in this respect in the world, it is certain that many other regions exist both in and out of the tropics where similar conditions are exemplified by these and other young stocks. Many muscoid groups exhibit today in various parts of the world so many transitional forms and individuals that we have long been unable conveniently to classify them. Yet we know that these groups have already lost many of the transitional forms, together with immense hosts of transitional individu- als, that arose during their evolution up to the present time. What conclusion can we draw from these facts? Simply that there exist in nature, among groups of young stocks under- going active evolution, no well defined or fixed species limits ; but that there certainly exist aggregations of individuals ob- serving some general specific bounds which suttice to meet the 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 requirements put upon them by varying natural conditions, or failing to meet them perish. This phase of biologic inquiry can, in a measure, be likened to infinity. In theory infinity is incomprehensible, but we com- prehend parts of it in practice. Theoretically there is almost no limit to the morphologic variety that life may assume, but practically it is limited to such morphology as we know or can base on that which is known. When we come to consider the limits of species we find that in practice as well as theory they have among themselves no natural sequential or genetic limits, and often no residue limits at any given point in their develop- ment, but nevertheless they certainly exist under both condi- tions, however obscured may be their limits. Were we able to restore and gather together all the individuals that have arisen during the evolution of species on this globe up to the present day, we would find few or no places where we could draw natural lines of division between categories of individuals. In practice, however, among the living residue of today, the limits of natural species are such as they make for themselves. It remains for us to find these limits out. The illustrations which I have used may be judged as forced and far-fetched, but they are true to nature and therefore their forcefulness is the more serviceable. Variation even among existing forms has almost no limits. The number of possible combinations of the characters of organisms, past, present and future, is almost infinity itself. The best that we can do in the present with the great plastic mass of living young forms is to divide it as conveniently as we may, conforming to phylogenetic lines as closely as it is possible to interpret them. It is certain that in highly special- ized and comparatively recent groups we gain simplicity and conciseness as we descend in the taxonomic scale and diminish the scope of our units of treatment. This applies not only to groups but to genera, subgenera, species, subspecies and races. It arises from the contraction of taxonomic values obtaining in such stocks. We need to apply a restricted species-concept in dealing with these forms, as well as employ restricted groups and categories in general. Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 It appears possible to define a species as an aggregation of individuals which in the majority of cases breed together under normal conditions and produce fertile offspring. This seems true, but it is incapable of application with immediate final results in the case of young stocks. The chief difficulty lies in determining what are the limits of the normal fertile variants of species in such stocks. Long series of observations must be carried out to establish the normal self-observed limits of such species in nature. This labor must here often follow instead of preceding a working species-concept, because we need names under which to record our results during the carrying out of the necessary investigations. By the normal self-observed lim- its of species in nature is meant their limits in the long run, divested of exceptions and vacillations. It is useless to attempt to solve such problems merely by the study of dead material. The living phases, functions and environment of the material must be studied as well, and that diligently. Thus it is safe to say that each species will have to be worked out eventually on its own merits and standing. As this cannot be done at once, our working concept must be a tentative one that will apply now for such cases. It must be plastic, but of such nature that it will cause no future confusion or perversion of recorded facts that belong with it. How shall we gain the practicable end of a working species-concept for dealing with the forms exhibited by young stocks? It seems that the best way to do this, because the simplest and most thoroughly guarded against error, is to bestow a name upon every form at all abundant in individuals that can be distinguished as dif- ferent from other forms every form that we can sense and characterize as a different form, regardless of the presence or absence of transitional individuals, of interbreeding limits, or of other than an approximate constancy of characters and to consider that form as a tentative restricted species. Such plan will not interfere with the subsequent proper tabulation of forms as subspecies and races, when our knowledge is suffi- ciently complete to warrant it. Individual-occurrences should not be confused with form- 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 occurrences. Transitional individuals or means of variation occur linking together extremes of variation that seem to have been derived from the same specific stock. The extremes need names if they are abundant enough in individuals to constitute form-occurrences ; so do the means if they are similarly abun- dant and capable of characterization. But isolated transitionals and those of slight differentiation may be recorded by noting their degree of divergence from one or other of the named forms. In this manner exact and concise records are pre- served of each individual form and its variations. Such rec- ords are indispensable in both present and future work. These forms are in many cases potential if not actual species, and all of them need to be recorded now. The lumping of recognizable forms under one name is a most serious taxonomic offense, unless in each case the precise limits of divergence from the typical form are shown. An immense number of muscoid names has been thrown into the synonymy within recent years, not only in America but also especially in Europe. No doubt some of these belong there, but it is very probable that many might be profitably employed for the recognition of localized and various transitional forms among these highly versatile flies. The foregoing remarks at least throw some light on what may be termed the species-status in nature, and it is believed that they demonstrate the need of a modified species-concept for application in young stocks. It will be useful to summarize the main points. SUMMARY. 1. In old stocks, species have normal values and well defined limits, because evolution has become inactive in those stocks and maturity has been attained by the forms. 2. In young stocks, the contraction of taxonomic values due to youth restricts the scope of species, and the presence of many transitionals due to active evolution obscures their limits. 3. Therefore the species-status is not uniform in old and young stocks, and the species-concept must be modified to agree with it. Vol.XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 4. Though transitionals obscure limiting lines in dead ma- terial, species exist in young stocks and the actual limits of each are such as it makes for itself by the general interbreed- ing of its constituents under normal conditions. 5. The normal self-observed limits of species in nature among young stocks must be worked out on the merits of each case by the study of living material through all its stages with relation to its environment. 6. As a basis for this work all recognizable forms in young stocks must be described, named and regarded as tentative species until their status is finally determined. 7. All recognizable forms in young stocks demand a name and final place in the taxonomic system down to race rank, and none should be lost sight of by lumping of names. 8. Isolated or aberrant transitionals need no distinctive name, but as a matter of record they should be descriptively differentiated from that form which they most closely approach. 9. It follows that the describing and naming of forms in young stocks should be based on as large series as possible. Notes on the Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects.* By G. C. CRAMPTON, Ph.D. .(Plate III.) As used by most anatomists, the term dorsum is applied to the entire upper or dorsal surface of an insect's body ; the en- tire side, or lateral portion of the body is termed the I at us; and the entire lower or ventral surface is termed the venter. To avoid confusion, these terms should be used in this sense alone. The entire dorsal region of each segment (i. e. the more membranous, as well as the more strongly chitinized portions of the body wall) is termed the tergnm, or not um; the entire lateral region of each segment is termed the plcnron (both flanks being termed the pleura] ; and the entire ventral region *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 of each segment is termed the sternum. The sclerites (either distinct plates, or subdivisions of the more strongly chitinized regions marked off by sutures) of the tergum are called ter- gites; those of the pleural region are called l pleurites; and those of the sternal region are termed sternites. Unless confusion is to continue to reign in the terminology applied to the thoracic sclerites we must hold rigidly to the simple and logical usage given above. From the study of the larval forms of insects, and the more primitive representatives of the order, it would appear that the thoracic sclerites were originally formed as numerous plates formed by depositions of pigment and chitin, due (in all probability) to the stimulus of muscular tension, and to other mechanical stimuli, such as friction. As specialization pro- gresses, there is a marked tendency for these originally dis- tinct plates to unite, or fuse together ; and by the breaking up into parts (derivatives) of the original plates, by the re-com- bination of these parts fusing with other sclerites, and by the formation of secondary sutures (i. e. those not originally pres- ent), the modifications of the original typical or "ground-plan" met with in the different orders of insects, are brought about. The hypothetical "ground-plan" of thorax shown in Plate III, Fig. 2, is more of a composite, or combination of the pos- sible conditions met with in different winged insects, than an attempted reconstruction of the original condition found in the ancestors of these insects. It nevertheless approaches the original condition, in many respects. The plates which were originally separate and distinct are, for the most part, so rep- resented in the figure. The greater part of the sutures origin- ally present, or those early formed, are designated by heavy lines; while those added as later modifications (i. e. secondary sutures), are indicated by clotted lines. Although the types of thoracic sclerites represented in the following series do not cover all of the conditions met with in winged insects, it is a comparatively simple matter to reduce any of them to some one of the types here represented. The principal sclerites of the ter- gal, pleural and sternal regions may be briefly described as follows : Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I/ TERGITES There are two principal plates found in the ter- gal region of winged insects. These are the scutoscutellwm, or large anterior plate Scsl (Fig. 2), and the postscutellum, or smaller posterior plate Psl. The scutoscutellum bears the wing, or the wing articulates with its lateral margin. The postscutellum is not connected with the wing in any insects thus far observed. In some insects the scutoscutellum is con- nected with the pleural region by a pre-alar bridge, or con- necting sclerite Pal (Figs. 2 and 5), extending in front of the wing; while the postscutellum is usually connected with the pleural region by a post-alar bridge Plph (Fig. 2), extending behind the wing. There frequently occur "implexes" (i. e., any in-folding, or in-pocketing of the integument) which serve the double pur- pose of affording better attachment for the muscles, and of strengthening, or rendering more rigid, the sclerites in which they occur. The outward manifestation of such an "implex," or internal fold, is an external groove or suture, formed by the meeting of the external lips of the fold. Naturally, these folds, or plaits, are composed of two plates. These may be so closely applied to each other as to appear as a single plate. Both plates may be equally strongly chitinized, or one may be strongly chitinized and the other membranous. The transverse "implexes" of the tergal region are termed phragmas, and these occur at the dividing line between two consecutive segments, so that the anterior plate of the phragma may be considered to belong to the segment in front, and the posterior one to the segment behind. If the anterior plate of the two which make the phragma is strongly chitiniz- ed while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to be- long entirely to the segment in front. If the posterior one is strongly chitinized, while the other is membranous, the phragma appears to belong to the segment behind. The an- terior plate of the tergal region (i. e., the scutoscutellum, men- tioned above) may bear a phragma at its anterior margin, or the posterior tergal plate (i. e., the postscutellum) may bear a phragma along its posterior margin. The anterior tergal plate Scsl (Fig. 2) may be further di- l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 vided by sutures (with, or without corresponding internal folds) into a number of subregions, or subdivisions. The foremost of these is a narrow, transverse region, the pre- tergite, Am (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), lateral to which is the pre- alare, Pal (Figs. 2, 4 and 5). Behind the region Am is the prescittum, Psc (Figs. 2. 4, 5 and 6). Following the prescutum is the scutum, Sc (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). Situated somewhat anteriorly and laterally to the scutum is a narrow sclerite, the supraalare, At (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6), with which the wing veins articulate by means of a small movable, or ar- ticulatory plate, the notopterale, Npt (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). (These articulatory plates by means of which the wing veins articulate with the tergal plate, have been recently termed the pteralia}. Situated in the incision between the sclerites Pal and At, is the tegula, or parapteron, Tg (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The scutum, Sc, may be divided into subregions by the formation of sutures, or even a transverse fissure. The prin- cipal subdivision is the ju.rtascntellum, Jsl (Fig. 2) situated on either side of the scutellum, SI (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The sclerite Jsl is not marked off in the insects figured in the series here given, but occurs in the Diptera and Hymenoptera. An articulatory extension of the scutum, termed the anal pterale. Sept (Fig. 2), becomes detached in the higher insects, and forms one of the pteralia mentioned above. A narrow, poster- ior, marginal sclerite, the poster git e, Pm (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) is the hindmost of the subdivisions of the tergal plate Scsl. It sometimes occurs as a posteriorly-projecting, fold-like re- gion of this plate. A median dorsal suture (with its corre- sponding internal fold, or "implex") called the mid-dorsal su- ture may partially divide the tergal plate into symmetrical halves. The posterior tergal plate, or postscutellum Psl (Figs. 2, 4 and 5), is not connected with the wing, but is usually connect- ed with the pleural region in the higher insects, as was men- tioned above. The postscutellum consists of an external re- gion (the "phragmite") and an internal portion, the phragma. The external region of the postscutellum, in some insects is divided into a median region, the "mediophragmite," Mph Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IQ (Fig. 2), and a lateral portion (one on either side), the pleu- rophragmite, Plph (Fig. 2). These are best seen in the Dip- tera and Odonata. The postscutellar plates Psl (Fig. 6) of the cockroach, doubtless are the representatives of the post- scutellum in other insects. The various subdivisions of the tergal plates described above, are not met with in all insects, those usually present be- ing the prescutum (Psc), the scutum (Sc), the scutellum (SI), and the postscutellum (Psl). The small tergal plates, or intertergites, It (Fig. 4) occur- ring in front of the anterior tergal plate in such insects as Corydalis, are doubtless homologous 'with the dorsal cervical sclerites It (Fig. 3) occurring in front of the pronotum of the cockroach and other insects. These will be discussed under the consideration of the intersegmental sclerites. PLEURITES Situated immediately below the wing is a sub- alar plate, the subalare, Asa (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). There are sometimes two of these, an anterior and posterior subalare, Asa and Psa (Fig. 5), but only the anterior one is large enough to be of any importance. The principal plate of the pleural region is the eupleurite, composed of the regions Em, Es and Lpl (Figs, i and 2). This was in all probability a single plate originally, but later became divided into a number of sub-regions by the formation of sutures. A more or less oblique infolding of the integument whose external manifesta- tion in the pleural suture g (of all figures) extends from the top of this plate to the bottom of it. Internally, an "implex" or ridge called the pleural ridge, or apodeme, likewise extends from top to bottom on the inner surface of the plate. The re- gion immediately posterior to the pleural suture g, is the epi- m-eron, Em (in all figures). The epimeron may be subdivided into an upper and a lower region Ppl and Hem (Figs. 2 and 4) in such insects as Mantis pa, Chrysopa, etc., but this is of some- what rare occurrence. The region immediately anterior to the pleural suture g is the episternwm, Es (in all figures). In the mesothorax of the earwig, the formation of a second suture e (Fig. i) marks off the later oplenrite, Lpl, from the remainder of the pleural plate. 2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A lateral plate of the sternal region, the later osternite, Lst (Fig. r) may become detached from the sternal region and unite with the sclerite Lpl (Fig. i) to form a pre-coxal bridge Lat (Fig. 3) extending in front of the coxa, and connecting the pleural with the sternal region. This pre-coxal bridge may then be divided by a suture b (Fig. 3) into an anterior region, the precoxale, PCX (Fig. r) and a narrow posterior re- gion, the antecoxale, or "antecoxal piece" of recent writers, Acx (Figs. 3 and 6). The precoxal bridge, however, is usually indistinguishably united with the episternum above, and with the sternum below, in the higher insects. A secondary suture d (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6) marks off an upper region, or anepisternum, Aes, in the dorsal region of the pleural plate, and this small region is usually mistaken for the episternum in such cases, although the episternum always ex- tends from the top to the bottom of the pleural plate. Two small "derivatives" of the region Aes, at the base of the wing, may be more or less completely detached from this region to form the anterior and posterior b as alar e, or basalar plates, Aba and Pba (Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6). The triangular plate termed the trochantin, Tn (Figs, i, 2 and 6) may possibly be a detached sclerite of the pleural plate, although it is regarded by some writers as a detached portion of the coxa. The trochantin may be divided by an oblique suture into an anterior and posterior region as in Fig. 6 (Tn) ; it may be divided into two distinct plates as in Fig. i (Tn) by splitting up obliquely ; or it may split up transversely into two distinct plates as in Fig. 3. The smaller of the two plates is the trochantinelle, Tnl (Fig. 3). The dorsal portion of the trochantin may unite with the pleural plate, and by a continua- tion of the suture b (Fig. 2) a composite region, the pleuro- trochantin, Ptn (Fig. 4) is formed. This is not to be con- sidered as the trochantin alone, as is done by most writers. There occurs in some insects, a post-coxal sclerite, the post- coxale, Poc (Fig. 2) which may unite with the lower portion of the epimeron and with the sternite Fs to form a post-coxal bridge Poc (Fig. 4) connecting the pleural with the sternal region. There may thus be a pre-coxal and a post-coxal bridge connecting the pleural and sternal regions. Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 In front of the pleural plate, there occur, in some insects, a small group of plates, the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) which will be discussed with the remainder of the interseg- mental plates under the heading intersegmentalia. In addi- tion to these may be mentioned the peritreme, Pt (Figs, i, 2, 4, 5 and 6), which surrounds the spiracle or breathing pore. The spiracle is regarded by many investigators as belonging to the segment behind it. STERNITES In such primitive insects as the stoneflies Ca\pnia and Leuctra, there are five distinct sclerites in the ster- nal region, and traces of certain of these sternites are pre- served in some insects, although the most of them disappear in the higher forms, either through fusion with each other, or through a fading out of the pigment and the softening of the chitinous deposits which formed them. The sternite which is tentatively designated as the fore- most of the principal sternal sclerites, is the prebasisternite. Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), which is probably a derivative (or de- tached portion) of the large sternite behind it, called the basisternite, Bs (Figs, r, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The basisternite, as the name implies, forms the lower portion of the sternum in many insects ; its lateral wings Lst, previously described, forming the sternal portion of the flanks. These lateral ex- tensions may become detached to form separate plates, the latero sternites, Lst ( Fig. i ) as in the earwig, or they may re- main connected with the sternum, and unite witjj the pleural plate to form a pre-coxal bridge extending between the pleural and sternal regions. The basisternite may be split up by diagonal fissures, into four sclerites, as in the prothorax of the roach Ectobia (Fig. 3, Bs). The basisternite is retained in practically all insects, and forms the principal sclerite of the sternal region. Behind the basisternite is the fur cast emit e, Fs (Figs, i, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). As the name implies, it bears the furca, or fork-like apophyses (internal sternal processes). The apophyses may be separated from each other, one on either side of the median ventral line (i. e., diapophyses), or they may approach each other in the median line, and their bases unite, 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 while their distal extremities remain separated to form the arms of the fork. Following the furcasternite is the p o st f ur cast emit e, Pfs (Figs. 2 and 5), and behind this is the spinasternite, Ss (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), so called because it bears the spina, or unpaired median apophysis (monapophysis) . It has not yet been determined whether or not the spinasternite is the foremost or the hindmost of the sternites, but it is here treated as though it were the hindmost. The internal projections of the sternal region are termed a\pophyses. In order to distinguish the paired from the unpaired apophyses, the terms diapophyses and moncapophysis may be used to designate the two types. A median ventral fold, the mid-ventral "implex," with its corresponding external suture, frequently partly divides the sternal sclerites into symmetrical halves. It, however, is absent in many insects. All of the sternites mentioned above are not preserved in the higher insects, the two usually represented being the basister- nite and the furcasternite (called the antecoxal piece by the older writers). The prebasisternite is retained in the pro- thorax of certain lower forms, and two derivatives, or detached portions, of this region occur as narrow transverse plates, the int erst emit es, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), in the prosternum of the ear- wig and roach. INTERSEGMENTALIA The term intersegmewtat plates, or intersegmentalia is applied to the small sclerites situated be- tween the segments. These plates, in all probability, belong partly to the segment in front of them, partly to the segment behind them, and are therefore not to be considered as vestiges of reduced segments in the process of becoming lost. The dorsal intersegmentals are the intertergites, It (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). They occur in front of the mesonotum of Cory- dolls (Fig. 4, It) and in front of the pronotum of the roach (Fig. 3, It). Those in front of the pronotum are called the dorsal cervicals (cervicalia). The dorsal intersegmentals are probably detached plates belonging to the segment in front of them. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 The lateral intersegmentals are the interpleurites, Ip (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5), and the postcoxale, Poc (Fig. 4) might possibly be likewise included under the designation lateral intersegmen- tals. There are two well developed interpleurites in front of the pleuron of the mesothorax in Corydalis. The posterior one is much the larger, and probably belongs to the segment behind it, while the anterior one may belong to the segment in front. The anterior interpleurite in this insect bears an internal process for muscle attachment. The interpleurites Ip (Fig. 3) in front of the pleuron of the prothorax in the roach, are called the lateral cervicals. The ventral intersegmentals are the prebasisternite Pbs (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), the intersternites, Is (Figs. 2 and 3), and possibly the spinasternite, S\y (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). The pre- basisternum and intersternites, Pbs and Is (Fig. 3) in front of the prosternum of the roach, earwig, etc., are termed the ventral cervicals. All of these sternites appear to be parts of the segment behind them. It is thus apparent that the cervical sclerites (cervicalia) are in all probability homologous with the intersegmental sclerites (intersegmentalia) in front of the other thoracic sclerites, and these doubtless belong partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front. It is thus as incorrect to re- gard the cervical sclerites as representing the entire labial seg- ment, as it would be to regard the intersegmental sclerites in front of the metathorax as representing the entire mesothoracic segment; for these intersegmental (and cervical) sclerites be- long partly to the segment behind them, partly to the segment in front, as we have seen. The region containing the cervical sclerites is the veraccrvi.v, or "cervicum." It would be simpler to designate this region as the cervix, since it is the true neck region, but the term cervix is always applied to the constricted occipital region of the head ; on this account the "manufactured" term "cervicum," or the compound term veracervix is preferable. The function of the neck region is to enable the head to turn more readily. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fig. I. Mesothorax of the earwig Forficula. Fig. 2. "Ground plan" of typical thoracic segment. Fig. 3. Prothorax of roach. Pleural region as in Periplaneta; ster- nal region as in Ectobia. Fig. 4. Mesothorax of Corydalis. Fig. 5. Mesothorax of stonefly. Pleural region as in Perla; sternal region as in Capnia and Leuctra. Fig. 6. Metathorax of roach. Pleural region as in Ischnoptera (male) ; sternal region as in mesothorax of Periplaneta. All figures are so oriented that the dorsal region is directed toward the top of the page, and the anterior portion toward the left hand mar- gin, the plate being held sidewise to read the abbreviations. All show lateral views. The coxae are partly cut off in all figures. Black areas denote cavities, or the location of internal processes. a, Suture betweeen basisternite (Bs) and laterosternite (Lst). Aba, Anterior basalare. A ex, Antecoxale. Acs, Anepisternum. Am, Pretergite. Asa, Anterior subalare. At, Supraalare. b, Suture between antecoxale (Acx) and precoxale (Pcx). Bs, Basisternite. c, Suture betweeen lateroster- nite (Lst) and lateropleu- rite (Lpl). Cm, Coxamarginale. d, Suture marking off anepi- sternum (Acs). e, Suture between episternum (Es) and lateropleurite (Lpl). Em, Epimeron. Es, Episternum. Fs, Furcasternite. g, Pleural suture (between episternum and epime- ron). h, Suture below subalar scle- rite (Asa). Hem, Hypoepimeron. Hpt, Hypopteron. i, Suture dividing epimeron (Em) into upper and low- er regions. Ip, Interpleurites. Is, Intersternites. It, Intertergites. Jc, Juxtacoxale. Jsl, Juxtascutellum. k, Suture between epimeron (Em) and meron (Me). I, Meral suture (between me- ron and anterior portion of coxa). Lot, Laterale. Lpl, Lateropleurite. Lst, Laterosternite. in, Suture between episternum (Es) and trochantin (Tn). Me, Meron.* Mph, Mediophragmite. Npt, Notopterale. Pal, Prealare. Pba, Posterior basalare. * In the Diptera, the term meroplcurite is applied to the meron united with the lower portion of the epimeron. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate III. ,.: <0 - \ - W] * THORACIC SCLERITES OF WINGED INSECTS-CRAMPTON. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Pbs, Prebasisternite. PCX, Precoxale. Pfs, Postfurcasternite. Plph, Pleurophragmite. Pm, Posttergite. Poc, Postcoxale. Ppl, Pteropleurite. Psa, Posterior subalare. Psc, Prescutum. Psl, Postscutellum. Pt, Peritreme. The subscripts i, 2 and 3, denote that the sclerite in question belongs to the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax respectively. Pin, Pleurotrochantin. Sc, Scutum. Sept, Analpterale. S'csl, Scutoscutellum. SI, Scutellum. Ss, Spinasternite. Tgj Tegula, or parapteron. Tn, Trochantin. Tnl, Trochantinelle. Vex, Veracoxa. A new Megastigmid from Queensland, Australia (Hym., Chalcidoidea). By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species belongs to a genus heretofore known from Java only but seems to differ from the type of it in bear- ing a petiolate abdomen. Spilomegastigmus flavus new species. Female. Length, 2 mm., excluding ovipositor which is slightly long- er than the abdomen, their valves black. Wings hyaline excepting the stigma; abdomen with a distinct petiole which, however, is not very much longer than wide. Honey yellow the abdomen with transverse short stripes of black; legs and scape pale yellow, the flagellum dusky. Mesoscutum and scutellum transversely wrinkled, the latter without a cross furrow. Mandibles bidentate. Antennae slender, n-jointed, the club solid, one ring joint; all funicle joints longer than wide, the first three subequal, longest, much longer than the pedicel. Head smooth. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.) Male. Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in a forest, April i, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Australia Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag and the head in xylol-balsam on a slide. *ENT. NEWS, XXIII, 392-94, 1912. 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 The Male of Syringogaster brunnea Cresson, from Peru (Dipt.)* By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa. Among some material from Callanga, Peru, in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum, Dr. K. Kertesz found a specimen of the genus Syringogaster which he determined as my brunnea, although not agreeing with the description in many respects. He sent it to me for verification, and it proved to be the unknown male of that species, or at least I consider it as such, with the following differences : Frontal median triangle polished, as is also the female to some ex- tent. Posterior half of thorax black with the area about humeri rufous (this black discoloration may be caused by the chemical action on the pin.) Abdomen subopake, not polished as in female, brown with two yellow bands on the narrow first and second segments ; genital seg- ment yellow, longer than broad, extending to apex of fourth beneath. Anterior tibiae brown ; posterior femora discolored on the inside. Wing venation and maculation as figured, the third vein being bent beyond small cross vein, while that of the female is straight. The species having been described from Costa Rica, this discovery also gives an interesting extension to its distribu- tion. It may be explained here, in case there be some mis- understanding, that what is considered the fused first and second abdominal segments, may be all one segment, but as understood in the typical description,* the first segment is the narrow portion while the second is the dilated portion. The two are sometimes readily distinguished by a faint impressed transverse line between them. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2J The Identity of Two Insects, each Described by Ashmead as Megastigmus flavipes (Hym.) By C. R. CROSBY, Ithaca, N. Y. In 1886 Ashmead described Megastigmus flavipes (Trans- actions of the Ajmerican Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128). In the United States National Museum there remains the pin on which the type was originally mounted, glued to a paste- board triangle. Only the hind legs and one front wing remain. The stigmal club is large, very dark colored, and appears to be surrounded by a narrow clearly defined cloud. These charac- ters prove it to be a true Megastigmus. In 1888 Dr. Ashmead described another insect under the same name, Megastigmus flavipes. (In Bulletin 3, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: p. III). Through the kind- ness of Professors T. J. Headlee and G. A. Dean, I have been able to examine the type of this species. It is a male Torymus. In transferring it to that genus, we find the name Torymus flavipes preoccupied by Callimome flavipes Walker (Entomo- logical Magazine; v. i : p. 124. 1833) also a true Torymus. It, therefore, becomes necessary to change the name of Ashmead's species, and as the original description was very inadequate, I have drawn up the following : Torymus abortus new name. 1888 Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 3: p. III. Not Megastigmus flavipes Ashmead. Transactions of the Ameri- can Entomological Society; v. 13: p. 128. 1886. Not Callimome [=Torymus] flavipes Walker. Entomological Magazine ; v. i : p. 124. 1833. Male. Length, 1.5 mm. Head and thorax metallic greenish blue. Front and face finely reticulate-punctate, vertex becoming delicately transversely rugulose. Antennae dusky. Posteriorly on the thorax and on the pleurae a brownish ground-color shows through the green. Dorsum of thorax finely and densely pustulate ; no transverse stria on scutellum. Propodeum not in a position for study. Pleurae and coxae brownish with greenish metallic reflections. Abdomen dark brown with aeneous reflections. Front and middle legs pale yellow ; hind femora and tibiae broadly infuscate. Wings hyaline. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A new Lycaena from Arizona (Lep.) By VICTOR L. CLEMENCE, Pasadena, Cal. Lycaena florencia, new species. Expanse, 15 to 24 mm. $ Upperside: Light violet blue (blue violet No. 487*), lighter to- wards the costa and veins ; fimbriate black border on all wings, fringes white. Underside : Ground color greyish-white, spots similar to hanno, only very much less intense; secondaries, spots also like hanno excepting for the metallic marks which are distributed in the new species as fol- lows : The black eye-spot has a metallic half-circle on the outer side ; a round, black spot covered with metallic scales above and two such spots, but smaller, below. $ Upperside: Mouse color, dusted with sky-blue scales from the base outwardly ; secondaries are dusted in the same way, the anal spot of secondaries showing through indistinctly in both males and females. Underside : Same as male. Habitat: Southern Arizona (Huachuca Mountains, May and June, Clemence) ; Brawley, Imperial Valley, California, May ; Yuma, Arizona, June, W. G. Wright. Types: 2 males, 2 females, from a series of 14 specimens in the collection of V. L. Clemence. Comparing Lycaena florencia with hanno, its nearest relative, the following comparative table will enable students to readily separate these two species : florencia. Size : 15 to 24 mm. $ Upper side : Light violet blue No. 487. A black fimbriate bor- der. Slight reflection of anal spot from under side. 9 Upper side : Mouse color dusted with sky-blue scales. Under side $ $ : Even light gray, spots very light brown. Four metallic spots. hanno. Size : 18 to 27 mm. $ Upper side : Bright purplish blue (Holland). Very wide black border. A distinct black anal spot. $ Upper side : Dark purplish blue (Holland). Under side $ $ : Brownish gray with broad dark border. Spots dark brown and black. Two metallic spots. *Klincksieck et Valette, Code des couleurs, 1908. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2Q There are, in my series, three florencia with only three metallic spots, but these specimens are worn and these delicate marks may have become erased. This interesting Lycaena was taken by me in 1910 while collecting in the Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona : it was taken in company with isola. but whereas isola occurred in great numbers, florencia was rarely met with, and I considered myself fortunate to take from one to three specimens in a day's collecting while without any difficulty hundreds of isola could be secured. Of course the striking difference of the heavy marginal row of spots on the underside of the primaries in isola made the two species easily distinguishable, and also the fact that florencia is two-thirds of the size of isola. It is very distinct, in fact it is not like any other Lycaena in appear- ance, the pale blue of the upper side and its small size being the distinguishable characteristics of this species. This little insect, like most of the Lycaenae, is very fond of settling on damp sand bordering the canyon streams. One evening in last May while doing some entomological work with my friend, Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., our attention was attracted to some Lycaenae from Florida which were not yet classified, and this caused a comparison between these and a series from Arizona which I had labeled hanno according to Wright's description in The Butterflies of the West Coast. We immediately saw the great difference existing between the Florida specimens and the Arizona ones ; at once we started a search through the literature and discovered that the locality of hanno is the Gulf States, therefore, the Arizona species were not as Mr. Wright figures them but a new species which T take pleasure in introducing to Lepidopterists. I have named this new species after my wife, Florence M. Clemence, who is also greatly interested in the collecting of Lepidoptera and has done some good work in Colorado and other places and so added materially to my collection. Change of Address. Mr. Henry \V. Wenzel has removed from 1523 South I3th_ Street to 5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Pa., and requests his friends and correspondents to take note of the change. 3O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 A new Chalcidid Genus and Species of Hymenop- tera from Australia. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns) North Queensland, Australia. This new genus was captured by sweeping foliage and grass along the banks of the Cape River at Capeville, Queensland, January 8, 1913. It is the second endemic genus of its tribe from Australia. Family CHALCIDIDAE, Tribe CHALCITELLINI. Chalcitelloides new genus. Female : Agreeing with the description of Chalcitclla Westwood but the antennae only lo-jointed, without a ring- joint, the club solid. The fore wings without post-marginal or stigmal veins, the marginal long, slender and truncate at apex. Posterior femur beneath with eight teeth, the distal two small and equal ; scutellum ending in a minute tooth. Venter of propodeum with a pair of stout teeth pointing ventrad. Petiole of abdomen as long as the hind coxae. Posterior tibiae with a small acute tooth outwardly near base (proximal third) ; wings hyaline. Propodeum with a median carina. Male : Not known. Type : The following species. Chalcitelloides nigriscutum new species. Female. Length, 3.00 mm. Blood red, the wings hyaline, the mesoscutum and axillae black ; also the venter of thorax, the lateral pieces of the scutellum and an oval spot in center of posterior coxa outwardly; venation pale brown. Head black, the antennae red except distal two-thirds of the club. Umbili- cately punctate and with sparse white pubescence. Abdominal petiole with longitudinal carinae far apart. Fore wings practically naked, without marginal cilia. First funicle joint longest, the others more or less subquadrate, the club long, conical. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.) Male. Not known. Described from one female captured as above. Habitat: Australia Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag plus a slide bearing the head and posterior femur. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 A new Borborid (Diptera) from Panama. By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois. Sphaerocera pallipes, new species. Female. Black, slightly shining. Antennae yellow, basal joint dark- est; proboscis yellow. Thorax black, pleurae shining. Abdomen black on dorsum, yellow beneath. Legs entirely pale yellow. Wings clear, veins yellow. Halteres yellow. Frons opaque, slightly granulose on surface, rather more than one- half as wide as head, no bristles present, the surface hairs pale and very short ; antenna? small, inserted in cavities on either side of the upper part- of the face, which is flattened, triangular in shape and pro- jects distinctly beyond the anterior margin of f rons ; the antennas thus lie at right angles to the long axis of the body ; arista hair-like, bare, and about twice as long as width of f rons ; mouth opening large ; labrum flattened, distinctly protruding; cheek as high as the rather small eye ; in profile the head is flattened in front and almost upright ; the eye occupies slightly more than one-half the distance from vertex to anterior margin of head. Thorax in poor condition, but mesonotum with evident traces of four longitudinal rows of short, pale hairs on disk ; scutellum rounded in outline, the posterior margin with faint traces of tubercules, one at either side, widely separated, being most distinct. Abdomen elongate oval ; segments bare above. Legs long, and strong; their surfaces with very short, pale hairs, but no bristles present ; hind tibia without an apical spur ; hind metatarsus swollen, the upper surface slightly rounded ; ventral surface flattened, the usual brush of hairs of the other species in the genus is represented only by a few hairs which are most distinct at apex ; length of metatarsus about one and one-fourth that of the second joint which is not swollen; claws long, black at apices. Wings with veins 3 and 4 distinctly convergent at apices. Length, 1.5 mm. Type: Cat. No. 15974, U. S. N. M. Locality: Buena Ventura, Panama, May 19, 1911, (A. Busck). Distinguished from S. subsultans Fabricius by the absence of the spur on hind tibia, from S. bimaculata Williston by the unicolorous abdomen, from S. pusilla Fallen by the course of the third and fourth veins, and from 5". annulicornis Malloch by the entirely pale legs. 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 r The Twentieth Australian Species of Elasmus (Hym. t Chalcidoidea). By A. A. GIRAULTV, Nelson (Cairns), N. Q., Australia. The following species was captured in North Queensland with the sweeping net. Elasmus doddi new species. Female. Length, 2 mm. In my table of species of the genus (Memoirs Queensland Museum, Brisbane, I, 1912, pp. 188-189), running to formosus Girault but differ- ing in having the scutellum wholly black (except narrowly at middle of the side), the vertex wholly yellow, the tip of postscutellum black. Head and scutum with thimble punctures, the scutellum scaly. Legs pallid yellow, the posterior coxae narrowly black at upper edge, the antennae dusky yellow, with two ring joints. Pronotum very narrowly black along cephalic margin, the dorsal half of occiput black. (From one specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.) Male. Not known. From one female captured at Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, April r, 1913, by Mr. Alan P. Dodd for whom the species is named as a recognition of his early promise. Habitat : Australia Nelson, Queensland. Type: In the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the above specimen on a tag. > A new Wasp from Colorado (Hym.) By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of Colorado. On June 26, 1913, when collecting bees at Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, in the Canadian Zone, I captured a wasp which I could not at first determine generically. On close investigation, it proves to belong to Dryudella Spinola, based on a species of Southern Europe. According to Kohl, Dryudella is a subgenus of Astata, but the venation is so peculiar that I think it may well rank as a genus. My species is new, and I take pleasure in naming it after Mr. Enos Mills, the well known writer on the natural history of Colorado, resident at Longs Peak Inn. Dryudella mills! n. sp. $ Length, about 7 mm. ; head, thorax, legs and antennae black, the anterior tibiae dark reddish brown on inner side except apically ; pubes- cence very scanty, pale, black in region of mouth ; abdomen with the first two segments (except base of first), and sides of third basally to some extent, bright ferruginous ; the rest of abdomen black ; head Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 paining, broader than thorax ; lower margin of middle lobe of clypeus broadly rounded, rather prominent, but not specially modified ; front and vertex very sparsely punctured; third antennal joint longer than fourth, fifth about as long as fourth ; mesothorax and scutellum highly polished, with a few scattered punctures ; area of metathorax dull and granular, with a slight oblique striation ; sides of metathorax striate ; tegulas black ; anterior wings dusky hyaline, not very dark, nervures and stigma piceous ; venation of anterior wings much as in Dryudella tricolor (Astata tricolor v. d. Linden), but differing as follows: Mar- ginal cell longer (but not nearly equal to stigma on costa), first re- current nervure joining second submarginal cell a very short distance from the base, basal nervure not falling so far short of transverso- medial : middle and hind tibiae with numerous black spines ; abdomen smooth and shining; basal part of pygidial area microscopically reticu- late. In Fox's table (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, P- 54) of Astata this runs to 8, and runs out on account of the black tegulae and structure of clypeus. Dryudella caerulea (Astata caerulea Cresson) is another species of this genus. I have taken it upon the campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder, September 9. I was at one time inclined to regard it as a new genus or subgenus, but Mr. S. A. Rohwer expressed the opinion that it was a Dryudella, and upon further study I must agree with him. It is atypical however in the shape of the third submarginal cell, and in having the first recur- rent nervure joining the second submarginal cell far from the base. The metallic blue color is also remarkable. An Aberration of Pyrameis huntera (Lep.). On Sept. i2th, 1013, I captured a curious aberration of Pyrameis huntera near the Canadian Pacific Railway works here. The speci- men is a large one and a female. The black markings have run to- gether and become blurred and the white spots on the upper side are exaggerated. Also there is a purplish suffusion at the apex of each upper wing. The ground color of the upper side of the lower wings is darker than in the type apparently due to the fact that the dark basal cloud of the type has spread all over the wing. On the underside the same tendency towards the blurring of the black markings is apparent, but on the pink area of the upper wings the black is replaced by indistinct orange marks. The lower wings are very dark underneath and much of the white penciling of the basal portion in the type is suppressed in this specimen. I should be grateful if some one interested in this capture would let me know if there is any particular name for this aberration. H. M. SIMMS, 192 Ontario East, Montreal, Canada. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank- fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces- sary to put "copy" into the hands of the printer, for each number, four weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested. Ed. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1914. Alfred Russel Wallace. The opening sentence of the NEWS for July, 1913: "In the death of Lord Avebury, on May 28, there passed away the youngest, but not the last, of that group of famous English naturalists intimately associated with Darwin and the promul- gation of his theories," is no longer true. Alfred Russel Wal- lace, "the last," died" on November 7, 1913, aged 90 years and ten months less one day. The length of his life is remarkable, considering the attacks of disease from which he suffered both in England and on his expeditions to the Amazon and the Ma- lay Archipelago. His autobiography, published in two volumes in 1905, under the title, My Life A Record of Events and Opinions, with fac- simile letters, illustrations and ^portraits, renders unnecessary any account of his life in this place. It is not superfluous, how- ever, to recall his entomological labors and the influence which he considered that the study of insects had upon his own career and that of his co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection. At the meeting held by the Linnean Society of London on July ist, 1908, to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the joint communication made by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel 34 Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 Wallace to the Society, "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties ; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection," the first Darwin-Wallace medal was presented to Wallace, who said in reply, among- other things : this brings me to the very interesting question : Why did so many of the greatest intellects fail, while Darwin and myself hit upon the solution of this problem a solution which this Celebration proves to have been (and still to be) a satisfying one to a large number of those best able to form a judgment on its merits? As I have found what seems to me a good and precise answer to this question, and one which is of some psychological interest, I will, with your permission, briefly state what it is. On a careful consideration, we find a curious series of correspond- ences, both in mind and in environment, which led Darwin and myself, alone among our contemporaries, to reach identically the same theory. First (and most important, as I believe), in early life both Darwin and myself became ardent beetle hunters. Now there is certainly no group of organisms that so impresses the collector by the almost in- finite number of its specific forms, the endless modifications of struc- ture, shape, color and surface-markings that distinguish them from each other, and their innumerable adaptations to diverse environ- ments. * * * Again, both Darwin and myself had what he terms "the mere pas- sion of collecting" not that of studying the minutiae of structure, either internal or external. I should describe it rather as an intense interest in the mere variety of living things the variety that catches the eye of the observer even among those which are very much alike, but which are soon found to differ in several distinct char- acters. * * * It is the constant search for and detection of these often unexpected differences between very similar creatures that gives such an intellec- tual charm and fascination to the mere collection of these insects ; and when, as in the case of Darwin and myself, the collectors were of a speculative turn of mind, they were constantly led to think upon the "why" and the "how" of all this wonderful variety in nature this overwhelming, and, at first sight, purposeless wealth of specific forms among the very humblest forms of life. Then, a little later (and with both of us almost accidentally) we be- came travelers, collectors and observers, in some of the richest and most interesting portions of the earth ; and we thus had forced upon our attention all the strange phenomena of local and geographical dis- tribution, with the numerous problems to which they give rise. Thence- forward our interest in the great mystery of how species came into ex- 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 istence was intensified, and again to use Darwin's expression "haunted" us. Finally, both Darwin and myself, at the critical period when our minds were freshly stored with a considerable body of personal ob- servation and reflection bearing upon the problem to be solved, had our attention directed to the system of positive checks as expounded by Malthus in his "Principles of Population." The effect of this was analogous to that of friction upon the specially-prepared match, pro- ducing that flash of insight which led us immediately to the simple but universal law of the "survival of the fittest," as the long sought effec- tive cause of the continuous modification and adaptation of living things. Wallace's interest in beetles, as he tells in My Life (i, pp. 236-237), was due to his meeting Henry Walter Bates, in 1844 or 1845, as a result of which he not only began to collect these insects but also to enter into a correspondence with Bates that eventually led to their joint visit to the Amazon. Their choice of this region of the world was the result of reading W. H. Edwards' A Voyage up the Amazon, published in 1847. Ed- wards, being in London soon after, gave the young Englishmen letters of introduction to friends at Para. Forty years later, in April, 1887, Wallace renewed his personal acquaintance with the great American lepidopterist by a visit to the latter's home at Coalburgh, West Virginia. The richest parts of Wallace's South American collections, 1848-1852, were lost by the burning of the vessel on which he was returning to England. He mentions, in his Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, having gathered goo species of diurnal Lepidoptera. He was more successful in his journey to the East, 1854- 1862, and, in the preface to The Malay Archipelago, tells us that when he returned to England in the spring of 1862 he found that the collections which he had retained for his private use included "at least twenty thousand beetles and butterflies, of about seven thousand species," while the total numbers of specimens which he secured were 13100 specimens of Lepidoptera, 83200 Coleoptera and 13400 other insects. His papers, The Malayan Papilionidae, as illustrating the Theory of Natural Selection (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxv), Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 on the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions and on the Cetoniidae of the Malay Archipelago (these two in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1867) were based in large part on his own col- lections, are summarized in My Life (i, pp. 400-403) and con- stitute his systematic entomological work. Many of his essays on general subjects such as Mimicry, and many chapters in his larger works, The Geographical Distribu- tion of Animals, Darwinism, Tropical Nature, etc., are founded on his own observations on insects. As President of the En- tomological Society of London, his address in January, 1871, dealt with the peculiarities of insular insects, while that of 1872 "endeavoured to expound Herbert Spencer's theory of the origin of insects, on the view that they are fundamentally compound animals, each segment representing one of the original inde- pendent organisms." Notes and. Ne\vs ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. The Alligator Pear Weevil (Col.) A Correction. On page 416, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. XXIV, No. 9, November, 1913, under "Notice of Public Hearing on the Alligator Pear Weevil," the insular possessions Hawaii and Porto Rico are incorrectly cited as localities in which the avocado weevil (Heilipus lauri Boh.) is known to occur. The only other records of this weevil known to us other than Mexican are Central American. Naturally, no quarantine action will be taken or is intended against the islands referred to, or other avocado-producing countries free from this weevil. The error in the notice is sincerely regretted, and was due to the absence from Wash- ington of the writer at the time. C. L. MARLATT, Chairman, FederaJ Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Acknowledgment of Photographs Received. The album of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has been increased by the addition of the photographs of the following persons, and the thanks of the Section are tendered to the donors for their gifts : Messrs. R. Godfrey,* Harry L. Johnson, A. L. Melander, D. E. Merrill, F. W. Nunenmacher, J. H. Reading, R. J. Smith and O. S. Westcott. * Deceased since receipt of the photograph. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 "Daddy-long-legs"? It is evident that the newspapers of other countries are no more seekers after truth than those of our own, especially regarding scien- tific facts. In the Entomological Record for October 15, 1913, under the heading "Newspaper -Entomology" one reads of a notice of an article relative to daddy-long-legs published in a London newspaper. It is utterly useless to question the truth or the validity of the facts as given in such newspaper articles, unless written by a competent scientist, as doing so only holds one up to ridicule by the ignoramuses ; for it is seldom that a newspaper acknowledges its mistakes or misin- formation, or offers any but childish excuses for publishing such articles. Regarding the article in question, it may be noted that to an Ameri- can, or, at least, to some of us in the eastern part of the United States, "Daddy-long-legs" refers to "harvest spiders" or "harvest- men," members of the Arachnid order Phalangida. At first glance one might think the author of the article referred to these animals, but in England the name "Daddy-long-legs" is given to some of the members of the dipterous family Tipulidae which of course have "six pairs of legs (evidently meaning six legs), long body and wings." The assertion that "at one time he was classed as an insect, but Lamarck separated him from them, and now he is catalogued along with scorpions and mites" is obviously rubbish, manufactured out of the whole cloth of ignorance. Incidently it may be noted that species of Tipulidae are known to be very injurious to pasture lands in the western United States. E. T. C, Jr. Schinia gloriosa Strecker (Lepidop.). During the past summer I obtained a fine specimen of the beautiful Schinia gloriosa in Boulder, Colorado. The species was described from Texas, and appears to be new to Colorado. The species is larger than S. sanguinea, with much paler hind wings ; the figure purporting to rep- resent it in Holland's Moth Book, pi. XXVII, f. 27, is evidently sanguinea. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., IV, p. 89) did not know glori- osa, and his table is not satisfactory for its separation. It might be amended as follows : Fore wings with terminal area without longitudinal white or whitish streaks ; hind wings pale rcgia Strecker. Fore wings with terminal area conspicuously longitudinally streaked with white or whitish. Larger ; hind wings creamy white, darkened at apex gloriosa Strecker. Smaller; hind wings fuscous .... sanguinea (Geyer). T. D. A. COCKERELL. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 Parasites of the San Jose Scale (Hym.). In connection with the editorial in the NEWS for November, 1913, it may be of interest to state that the parasite reported as doing such effective work against the San Jose Scale in Pennsylvania was discov- ered at Amherst, Mass., in the fall of 1912 in great abundance. It was carefully studied, and as it could not be identified, specimens were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who declared it to be a new species of Prospaltella. A description of the insect was published under the name of Pros- paltella perniciosi in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Amer- ica, Vol. VI, No. I, by Mr. D. G. Tower, and studies were continued upon it in the summer of 1913. During the present fall, colonies of this insect have been sent to Washington and Georgia, in the hope of establishing it there, and shipments to other places will be made as opportunity offers. From 75 to 85 per cent, of the scales appear to be parasitized in nature, and as large a per cent, occurs on the small twigs as on the larger ones. A shipment of the Pennsylvania parasite just received from Pro- fessor Surface has made direct comparison of the two possible, and there can be no doubt that they are the same species. In the Penn- sylvania consignment Aphelinus fuscipennis and Prospaltella perniciosi were found, the latter including perhaps three-fourths of the speci- mens. A letter just received by Mr. Tower from Dr. Howard states: "Professor Surface came to Washington a month or more ago with a series of slides of material reared from San- Jose-scale-infested twigs, and among these parasites I found Aphelinus fuscipennis How., a Mymarid, * * * Anagrus spiritus Girault, Signophora nigrita Ashm. and your Prospaltella perniciosi." From the evidence we have it would seem probable that the Prospaltella is the one which is doing most of the work. If claims of priority are in order, it would seem that the date of publication of Mr. Tower's description (March, 1913) should be con- sidered, while the files of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington will provide evidence that the insect was discovered and studied sev- eral months before that time. Careful examination of twigs from Pennsylvania and also from Massachusetts indicates that despite a large amount of parasitism we need hardly expect the scale to soon become an unimportant pest as long as any such number as 10 per cent, are left -"for seed." H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. The species figured in all the newspapers and the one Professors Surface and Grim had the controversy over is a Mymarid, described under the name of Anagrus spiritus Girault, in E'NT. NEWS, XXII, p. 209, 1911. Prof. Grim sent us the slide that Prof. Surface had and it was sent to Mr. Malloch to compare with the type at Urbana, Il- linois. Mr. Malloch reports them identical. H. S. 4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 Human Case of Verruga directly traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.). Mr. George E. Nicholson, who has been my assistant in the verruga work since the last of July, and who has rendered particularly efficient service in the investigation at all times, notwithstanding numerous difficulties to be continually overcome, has most unfortunately de- veloped unmistakable symptoms of the disease. A brief outline of the case is as follows : On the I7th of September, accompanied by both Mr. Nicholson and Mr. Rust, I went to Verrugas Canyon to secure material of the Phle- botomus for inoculation of laboratory animals. Both Mr. Nicholson and myself have passed numerous nights there on the same work, and Mr. Rust has been there twice. As usual we applied the ointment rec- ommended by Newstead and were not molested by the Phlebotomus up to the time of retiring at about midnight. We all used tight nets for sleeping, through which the Phlebotomus could not pass. During the night, however, while asleep, Mr. Nicholson evidently put his hands above his head so that they came in contact with the net, for in the morning we counted fifty-five unmistakable Phlebotomus bites on the backs of his hands and wrists. These bites are small, irregular in out- line, red, and not raised, as Mr. Rust and I know from a half dozen that we received on July gth while awake and before we had begun to use the ointment. We also know that during all our night collect- ing at Verrugas Canyon from July to September, no other biting in- sect except the Phlebotomus appeared, not even a single culicid, and on one occasion I sat up the entire night. Daily examination of Mr. Nicholson's blood revealed nothing ab- normal until October i, when I found what I considered to be the verruga x-bodies in the red cells, but Dr. A. L. Barton, the best known authority on verruga, pronounced them not so. This was due to the smear having been somewhat overstained as compared with Dr. Bar- ton's customary practice in staining. These x-bodies continued in very small number without clinical symptoms of note, other than a headache or slight feverishness at times, until October 25th, when a decided rise of temperature occurred and the x-bodies were found to be much increased in number. Dr. Barton now recognizes these to be the verruga x-bodies, and Mr. Nicholson has entered the Guadalupe Hospital in Callao under Dr. Barton's immediate care. During the past week his temperature has been lower than at first, and the case promises to be of the benign type rather than the malignant. No erup- tion has appeared as yet. Salvarsan was administered intravenously to-day, for the purpose of determining whether it will prove a spe- cific against the disease. CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND. Chosica, Peru, November loth, 1913. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 4! Notice to Authors. Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. After note has been made of the same, they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological Society. < Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 4 The Canadian Entomologist. 5 Psyche. 7 U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington. 8 The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 The Entomologist, London. 12 Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 21 The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 Zoologischer An- zeiger, Leipzig. 24 Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 36 Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 46 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 50 Proceedings of the U. S. National Mu- seum. 65 La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 68 Science, New York. 73 Archives, Zoologie Experimental et Generale, Paris. 79 La Nature, Paris. 97 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102 Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 119 Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 136 Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 166 Internationale Entomo- logische Zeitschrift, Guben. 179 Journal of Economic Entomol- ogy. 180 Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 Jour- nal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 190 Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift "Iris," Dresden. 194 Genera Insec- torum. Diriges par P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 198 Biological Bul- letin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 204 New York State Museum, Albany. 216 Entomologische Zeit- schrift, Frankfurt a. M. 275 Philippine Journal of Science, Manila. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 276 Bulletin, Societe Lepidopterologique de Geneve. 299 Mittei- lungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hanover. 313 Bul- letin of Entomological Research, London. 344 U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 368 The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 369 Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 407 Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 420 Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington, D. C. 447 Jour- nal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 451 Nature Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 452 Lepidopterorum Catalogus, editus a H. Wagner. 453 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 454 North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh. 458 Mon- tana Agricultural College Experiment Station, Bozeman. GENERAL SUBJECT. Butler, A. L. Economic value of birds, 8 pp. (Reprint from The Agricultural Gazette, Tasmania, Sept., 1912.) Casey, T. L. The law of priority, 68, 1913, 442-43. Enslin, E. Ein ideales klebemittel fur insektenpraparation, 166, vii, 195-96. Felt, E. P. Report (28th) of the state entomologist of New York for 1912, 204, Bui. 165, 264 pp. Folsom, T. W. Entomology with special reference to its biological and economic aspects. 2d re- vised ed. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons & Co., 1913, 402 pp. Hopkins, A. D. Discontinuous geographical distribution, 102, xv, 118-122. Jennings & King. An intensive study of insects as a pos- sible etiologic factor in pellagra. (Am. Jour. Med. Sci., cxlvi, 411- 441.) Kaye, W. J. A few observations in mimicry, 36, 1913, 1-11. Knab, F. The contentions regarding "Forest malaria," 102, xv, 110-118. .Lutz, A. The insect host of forest malaria, 102, xv, 108-9. McClashan, X. The collector's by-product, 189, v, 158-160. Mar- tell, P. Insektenfeinde der bucher, 216, xxvii, 142-43 (cont.). Parker, W. B. A sealed paper carton to protect cereals from in- sect attack, 344, Bui. 15. Quade, F. Insektenstiche, 216, xxvii, 154-55 (cont.). Reuter, O. M. Obituary notices, 8, 1913, 230-31; 9, 1913, 296. Riley, W. A. Some recent manuals of parasitology, 179, vi, 416-18. Townsend, C. H. T. Progress in the study of ver- ruga transmission by blood suckers, 313, iv, 125-128. Tragardh, I. On the chemotropism of insects and its significance for economic entomology, 313, iv, 113-117. Weiss, H. B. Notes on the negative geotropism of Corythuca ciliata, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella 9- notata and Megilla fuscilabris, 179, vi, 407-9. Wilcox, E. V., et al. Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1912, 91 pp. Williams, C. B. The berlese funnel, 9, 1913, 273-74. Cockerell, T. D. A. Remarks on fossil insects (Abstract), 102, xv, 123-126. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 ARACHNIDA, ETC. Mueller, A. Die afterspinnen, 216, xxvii, 153-154. Ewing, H. E. Some new and curious Acarina from Oregon, 189, v, 123-136. Hodgkiss, H. E. New species of maple mites, 179, vi, 420-24. Simon, E. Biospeologica, XXX. Araneae et Opili- ones, 73, lii, 359-386. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Chaine, J. Les ilots de ter- mites, 12, 1913, 650-53. Fahrenholz, H. Beitrage zur kenntnis der Anopluren, 299, D, 1-64. Morgan, A. H. A contribution to the biolugy of may-flies, 180, vi, 371-413. Snyder, T. E. Changes dur- ing quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of Termites, 68, 1913, 487-88. Banks, N. New exotic neuropteroid insects, 102, xv, 137-142. Karny, H. On the genera Liothrips and Hoodia, 36, 1912, 470-475. Kennedy, C. H. Notes on the Odonata, or dragonflies, of Bump- ing Lake, Washington, 50, xlvi, 111-126. Kruger, L. Beitrage zu einer monographic der neuropteren familie der Osmylidae, 136, Ixxiv, 1-123. Paine, J. H. A new genus of Mallophaga, 5, xx, 158-161. ORTHOPTERA. Fryer, J. C. F. Preliminary note on some experiments with a polymorphic phasmid, 407, iii, 107-111. Giglio-Tos, E. Mantidae, subf. Perlamantinae, 194, 144, 13 pp. Shelford, R. Studies of the Blattidae, 36, 1912, 643-661. HEMIPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A. Swarming of Hemiptera, 179, vi, 426. Faust, E. C. Size dimorphism in adult spermatozoa of "Anasa tristis," 198, xxv, 287-303. Metcalf, Z. P. The wing venation of the Fulgoridae, 180, vi, 341-358. Parker, J. R. (See under Lepidoptera.) Sherman, F., Jr. The oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), 454, Bui. 185. Webster, R. L. Notes on Gypona octolineata, 179, vi, 409-13. Schouteden, H. Pentatomidae: Dinidorinae, 194, fasc. 153, 19 pp. LEPIDOPTERA. Bird, H. On the larval habits of two sps. of Oligia, 420, i, 123-24. Carpenter, G. D. H. The life history of "Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi," 36, 1912, 706-716. Chapman, T. A. On the early stages of "Albulina pheretes," a myrmecophilous blue butterfly. An experiment on the development of the male ap- pendages in L., 36, 1912, 393-406, 407-8. Chittenden, F. H. The rose slug-caterpillar (Euclea indetermina). The Florida fern cater- pillar (Eriopus floridensis), 7, Bui. 124, 125. The potato-tuber 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 moth (Phthorimaea operculella), 344, Farm. Bui. 557. Frohawk, F. W. "Yellow imagines" of Pieris brassicae, 9, 1913, 282-83. Frohawk & Rothschild. Completion of the life-history of "Me- lanargia japygia subsp. suwarovius," 9, 1913, 275-78. Harte, C. R. Observations regarding flight of the cotton moth in 1911, 179, vi, 426-7. Headlee, T. J. A broad study of the codling moth, 179, vi, 389-395. Jacobson, E. Biological notes on the Heterocera: Eublemma rubra, E. versicolora and Catoblenama sumbavensis, 46, Ivi, 165-173. Jones, E. D. Descriptions of n. sp. of L. Hetero- cera from South-East Brazil, 36, 1912, 419-444. Loquay, R. Ein besuch beim raupenpraparator, 166, vii, 169-170. McClashan, X. A worm that cares, 5, 1913, 345-6. Manders, N. Birds eating but- terflies, 9, 1913, 292. The study of mimicry (Batesian and Mul- lerian) by temperature experiments on two tropical butterflies, 36, 1912, 445-469. Merle, R. Les sesies, 79, xli, 371-374. Meyrick, E. -Tortricidae, 194, fasc. 149, 81 pp. Parker, J. R. The imported cabbage worm (Pontia rapae) and the cabbage aphis (Aphis bras- sicae), 458, Circ. 28. Pictet, A. Recherches experimentales sur 1'hibernation de "Lasiocampa quercus." Reherches experimentales sur la resistance au froid et la longevite des L. a 1'etat adulte, 276, ii, 179-206, 206-212. Rau, P. Notes on the duration of the pupal stage in certain L., 5, xx, 161-62. Rehfous, M. Observations biologiques de "Lycaena cyllarus," 276, ii, 238-250. Vasler, E. J. The red-humped caterpillar (Schizura concinna), 368, ii, 654-657. Weldon, G. P. The fruit-tree leaf-roller (Archips argyrospila), 368, ii, 638-647. Bethune-Baker, G. T. Observations on Dr. Verity's review of the Linnean collection and his suggested nomenclatorial altera- tions, 21, 1913, 251-253. Beutenmuller, W. Notes on Hepialus auratus, 420, i, 129-130. Busck, A. Two Micro-L. injurious to chestnut, 102, xv, 102-104. Cockerell, T. D. A. Two new varieties of Phyciodes camillus, 9, 1913, 308-9. Dalla Torre, K. W. v. Cast- niinae: Subf. Castniinae, Neocastniinae, Pemphigostolinae, 452, Pars 15, 28 pp. Dyar, H. G. Notes on the species of Galasa, 420, i, 125-29. Dyar & Strand. Megalopygidae, Dalceridae, Epipyropi- dae, 452, 16, 7-35. Linston, Dr. V. Die neue lepidopterologische nomenklatur und die Heubner'schen gattungsnamen, besonders der Noktuiden, 24, Iviii, 21-29. Meyrick, E. Lepidopterorum catalogus, Pars 13 & 17: Carposinidae, Heliodinidae, Glyphipterygidae, Ptero- phoridae, Orneodididae, 53 and 44 pp. Meyrick, E. Descriptions of So. American Micro-L., 36, 1913, 170-200. Prout, L. B. Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, Pars 14: Geometridae: Subf. Hemitheinae, 192 pp. Sheljuzhko, L. Gegen unnutze und bewusste aufstellung Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 von synonymen, 190, 1913, 111-115. Strand, E. Brahmaeidae, 452, Pars. 16, 1-6. Webster, F. M. "Vanessa californica" again, 4, 1913, 342. DIPTERA. Alverdes, F. Nochmals ueber die kerne in den speicheldrusen der Chironomus-larve, 22, xlii, 565-575. Cameron, A. E. On the life history of "Lonchaea chorea," 36, 1913, 314-322. Fiske, W. F. The bionomics of Glossina; a review with hypotheti- cal conclusions, 313, iv, 95-111. Hodge, C. F. The distance house flies, blue bottle and stable flies may travel over water, 68, 1913, 512-13. Learning disease prevention in school. The house fly as a practical lesson, 451, ix, 245-250. Hewlett, F. W. The effect of oil of citronella on two species of Dacus, 36, 1912, 412-18. Kieffer, J. J- Cecidomyidae, 194, fasc. 152, 346 pp. Mansion, J. Les larves des dipteres vivent elles dans le formol? 65, xliii, 168-172. Mitz- main, M. B. The biology of "Tabanus striatus," the horsefly of the Philippines, 275, viii, Sec. B., 197-222. Sawyer & Herms. Attempts to transmit Poliomyelitis by means of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), (Jour. Am. Med. Assoc., Ixi, 461-466). Severin, H. H. P. The life history of Ceratitis capitata, with a list of fruits attacked in the Hawaiian Islands, 179, vi, 399-403. Walton, W. R. Efficiency of a tachinid parasite on the last instar of Laphygma, 102, xv, 128-131. Beutenmuller, W. A new empid from the Black Mountains, No. Carolina, 420, i, 130. Enderlein, G. Die Phoridenfauna Sud-Bra- siliens. Paryphoconus, eine neue Chironomidengattung aus Bra- silien. Zwei neue Ortaliden, 136, Ixxiii, 16-52, 57-60, 60-64. Zur kenntnis der familie Xylophagidae, 22, xlii, 533-555. Felt, E. P. The gall midge fauna of New England, 5, xx, 133-147. A study of gall midges, 204, Bui. 465, 127-226. Johnson, C. W. Notes on variation in the venation of the species of the genus Leptogaster, 5, xx, 162-64. Johannsen & Crosby. The life history of "Thrypticus muhlenbergiae," sp. nov., 5, xx, 164-00. Knab, F. A new Cuban Chaoborus, 420, i, 121-22. Krober, O. Therevidae, 194, fasc. 148, 58 pp. Malloch, J. R. A new species of "Simulium" from Texas. Two n. sp. of Borboridae from Texas, 102, xv. 133-37. A revision of the species in Agromyza and Cerodontha, 180, vi, 269-340. Me- lander, A. L. Some acalyptrate Muscidae, 5, xx, 166-69. COLEOPTERA. Ely, C. R. The food plant of "Cleonus calan- droides," 102, xv, 104-5. Ewing, H. E. Notes on Oregon Coccinel- lidae, 179, vi, 404-7. Jordan, K. H. C. Zur morphologic und bio- logic der myrmecophilen gattungen Lomechusa und Atemeles und einiger verwandter Formen, 97, cvii, 346-386. Pierce, W. D. The occurrence of a cotton boll weevil in Arizona, 447, i, 89-08. R. M. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 La lutte centre un parasite des Grangers, 79, xli, 364. Sharp & Muir. The comparative anatomy of the male genital tube in C., 36, 1912, 477-642. Snyder, T. E. The ovipositor of "Parandra brun- nea," 102, xv, 131-33. Webster, F. M. The southern corn root worm, or bud worm (Diabrotica duodecimpunctata). The western corn root worm (D. longicornis), 344, Bui. 5 & 8. Barber, H. S. A new species of Phengodes from California, 5, 1913, 343-4. Breit, J. Zur systematik der Bathysciinae, 369, ii, 301-316. Champion, G. C. Coleoptera from British Honduras, 8, 1913, 256-7. Notes on various Central American C., with descrip- tions of new gen. and sp., 36, 1913, 58-169. Cockerell, T. D. A. Some C. from Central America, 9, 1913, 299-300. Dupuis, P. Carabidae, Pentagonicinae, Peleciinae, Hexagoniinae, 194, fasc. 145-147. Prell, H. Beitrage zur kenntnis der Dynastinen, 136, Ixxiii, 53-57. Schmidt, A. Scarabaeidae: Aegialiinae, Chironinae, Dynamopinae, Hyposorinae, Idiostominae. Ochodaeinae, Orphni- nae, 194, fasc. 150, 87 pp. Spaeth, F. Kritische studien ueber den umfang und die begrenzung mehrerer Cassiden gattung nebst be- schreibung neuer amerikan. arten, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 126-164. Neue Cassiden aus Columbien, Peru, Bolivien und Ecuador, 136, Ixxiii, 1-16. Wickham, H. F. The Princeton collection of fossil beetles from Florissant, 180, vi, 359-370. HYMENOPTERA. Cockle, J. W. Strange action of "Bombus occidentalis," 5, 1913, 347-8. Cros, A. Le "Sitaris rufipes," ses moeurs, son evolution, 65, xliii, 173-177. Lovell, J. H. A vernal bee (Colletes inaequalis), 5, xx, 147-48. McColloch, J. W. A para- site of the chinch bug egg, 179, vi, 425-6. Natzmer, G. v. Lebens- weise und organisation der underirdisch lebenden ameisenarten. Eine biologische studie, 166, vii, 176-78. Newell, Paddock & Dean. Investigations pertaining to Texas beekeeping, 453, Bui. 158. Pinkus, H. The life history and habits of "Spalangia muscidarum," a parasite of Stomoxys, 5, xx, 148-158. Beutenmuller, W. A n. sp. of Amphibolips. A new Andricus from N. J. Description of a new gall fly (Andricus decidua), 420, i, 122-23, 124-25, 131-32. Bischoff, H. Chrysididae, 194, fasc. 151, 86 pp. Cockerell, T. D. A. Pseudomasaris bred in California, 102, xv, 107. A leaf cutting bee from Arizona, 179, vi, 425. Ender- lein, G. Beitrage zur kenntnis aussereuropaischer Ichneumoniden, 136, Ixxiii, 105-144. Ein hervorragender zwitter von "Xylocopa mendozana" aus Argentinicn. Mit einen verzeichnis aller bisher H., 136, Ixxiv, 124-140. Girault, A. A. More new genera and spe- cies of Chalcidoid H. from Paraguay, 119, 1913, Ab. A., H. 6, 51-69. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 McColloch, J. W. A parasite of the chinch-bug egg, 5, 1913, 342-3. Peets, W. Die Panzer'schen H. ausgenommen die Apiden, 299, D, 65-77. Schmiedeknecht, O. Opuscula Ichneumonologica, Fasc. 35. Tryphoninae (cont.). Weld, L. H. A new oak gall from Mexico, 420, i, 132-34. ETUDES LEPIDOPTE'ROLOGIE COMPAREE. By CHARLES OBERTHUR. Volume IX, Part I. This part contains an exceedingly important contribution to Ameri- can Lepidopterology, as herein Mr. Oberthiir gives 74 figures in color, of the species of Californian butterflies, described by Dr. Boisduval in the Annals of the Entomological Society of France in 1852 and in the Annals of the Entomological Society of Belgium in 1869. Dr. Boisdu- val's descriptions were often brief and he compared the Californian species with those of Europe in a very few words. It has been quite difficult, on account of the variation in the species of Californian Ly- caenidae and Hesperidae, to be certain about some of Dr. Boisduval's species in reference to those described by Dr. Herman Behr, \\ilham H. Edwards, Henry Edwards and others. By means of these beauti- ful and accurate figures given by Mr. Oberthiir it will be possible to put the study of the Californian diurnal Lepidoptera on a firm founda- tion. American students of these insects owe a great debt of grati- tude to Mr. Oberthiir for so generously supplying figures of these types and recognizing the necessities of the case. It may prove useful at this time to make some comments on the spe- cies in relation to their validity or synonymy. Theda borus Bd. is a synonym of calif ornica Edw. Thecla auretorum Bd. The da spadix H. Edw. is a synonym of this. Thecla sylvinus Bd. This species I do not know, unless it is a race or variety of calif ornica Edw. T. iroides Bd. is a synonym of augustus Kirby. Thecla gryphon Bd. is a western race of niphon Hiibn. Thecla dumetorum is a synonym of rubi Linn. Chrysophanus arota Bd. The species described as virginiensis by Edwards is close but apparently sufficiently distinct for specific rank. Chrysophanus xanthoides Bd. Dione Scud, is close to this. Chrysophanus nivalis Bd. This has erroneously been put into the synonymy in our lists under mariposa. Chrysophanns zeroe Bd. is a synonym of mariposa Reak. Lycacna suasa Bd. is a synonym of fuliginosa Edw. Lycacna antiacis Bd. This must be a rare form. Polyphemus Bd. is the common species in California. L. rhaea Bd. is a synonym of sagitiggera Feld. L. nestos Bd. is a synonym of podarce Felder 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '14 L. nivium Bd. is a synonym of shasta Edw. L. antaegon Bd. is a synonym of acmon Dbl.-Hew. L. philemon Bd. is a synonym of anna Edw. L. r?<7ta Bd. is a synonym of sonorensis Feld. Pamphila comma Bd. This is close to the variety juba Scud. Pamphila agricola. Siris Edw. is a synonym. Pamphila pratincola. This is not typical of the species and probably represents an aberration or variety. P. campestris Bd. The eastern huron Edw. is the same species. Pamphila sylvanoides Bd. Napa Edw. is a synonym. Pamphila nemorum Bd. Verus Edw. is a synonym. P. vestris Bd. Metacomet Harris is a synonym. Thanaos tristis Bd. Funeralis Scud. -Burg, is probably not a syno- nym. These figures will enable us to make further studies of interest. The available time at present has been too short to study them all carefully and they will be taken up as the species in the various genera are studied more minutely. HENRY SKINNER. OBITUARY. JULES DESBROCHERS DES LOGES, French Coleopterist, editor of Le Frelon (Chateauroux), died on August 10, 1913, at Tours in his 78th year. The numbers of The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine and The Entomologist for October, 1913, contain obituary notices (the former accompanied by a portrait) of ODO MORANNAL REUTER, the distinguished Finnish entomologist, and. since 1906, one of the twelve honorary fellows of the Entomological Society of London. He died at Abo, on September 2, aged 63. Like our own Uhler, he was totally blind in his later years. No less than 500 papers on Hemiptera (chiefly), Collembola, Thysanoptera and Neuroptera have issued from his pen. His work on the Miridae (Capsidae) and a new classification of the Heteroptera are especially important. He was a member of the zoological faculty of the University of Helsingfors. He had also published both poetry and fiction. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1913, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 4, 1913. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. Send for our illustrated booklet describing them. BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. JUST PUBLISHED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL [ISTORY OF THK LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA By Wffl. BARNES, S.B., M.D.. and J. McDUNNOUGH, Ph.D. Dlume I. No. i. Revision of the Cossidae. 35 pp., 7 plates $'.50 No. 2. The Lasiocampid genera Gloveria and its allies. 17 pp., 4 pis i. oo No. 3. Revision of the Megathymidae. 43 pp., 6 plates . . 1.25 No. 4. Illustrations of Rare and Typical Lepiduptera.. 57 pp., 27 pis 3.50 No. 5. Fifty New Specie.s ; Notes on the Genus Alpheias. 44 PP., 5 Pi - i-5 No. 6. On the Generic Types of North American Diurnal Lepidoptera. 13 pp 50 To be obtained from R. WM. BARNES - - DECATUR, ILL. NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc 74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. 8. A. NOVA COLLECTING CASES FOR FIELD WORK STRONG DURABLE CASES. PRICE REASONABLE. S. C. CARPENTER, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological New*." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and. 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THEKHfCIHEESEFCOl*./. NS/ 3 o8 5 NS/309I ( For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I NS/3I2I K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xnx2% in. (or to order, S%xio%x2*4 in-) $0.70 Size 12x16x2}! in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2^-2 in. (or to order, 14x22x2)2 in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE Papillo columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papilio, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each : second Quality $1 00 each. Whm Writiug Please Mention "Kutouiological News." P. C. Stockhausen. Printer, 53-55 N. 7th Street. Philadelphia. FEBRUARY, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. 2. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. 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BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate IV. 12 GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC.-WILLIAMSON. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. FEBRUARY, 1914. No. 2. CONTENTS: Williamson Gomphus pallidus and two new related species (Odonata) 49 To our Subscribers 58 Schroers Preliminary List of Hetero- cera Captured in and around St. Louis, Missouri 59 Crawford A Recently Described Psyl- lid from East Africa ( Hemip. ) 62 The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter 65 Memorials to Alfred Russel Wallace... 65 Notice to Authors 65 Girault Standards of the number of eggs laid by Spiders (Aran.). Ill 66 Robertson Origin of Oligotropy of Bees (Hym.) 67 Editorial The Influence of Insects on Civilization 74 Entomological Literature 75 Review of Legros' Fabre, Poet of Sci- ence 8 r Review of Shelford's Animal Commu- nities in Temperate America 8 2 Review of Adams' Guide to the Study of Animal Ecology 82, 85 Notice of Transactions of the 2nd Inter- national Congress of Entomology 87 Review of Picado's Les Bromeliacees Epiphytes 87 Doings of Societies Feldman Collect- ing Social (Dipt., Col., Hym., Lep.) 88 Convocation Week Meetings 92 Obituary Dr. George William Peck- ham 96 Gomphus pallidus and Two New Related Species (Odonata). By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana. ( Plates IV and V. ) Recently in identifying some dragon flies from Florida col- lected by my father, L. A. Williamson, I had occasion to study a pair of Gomphus taken in copulation by him at Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913. These were evidently (r. pallidus Rambur, but they certainly differed from speci- mens from Texas and Oklahoma which I had at an earlier date also determined as pallidus. When the Florida material was first studied I had referred all my material from Texas and Oklahoma to one species, and, with this idea in mind, I sent rough sketches of the two species to several students in the hopes of learning more of their distribution. Later, when the southwestern material was studied, two species were found to be included in it, to only one of which, submedianus n. sp., my 49 5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 sketches applied. This correspondence, which will be referred to again, clearly indicates that in recent literature two or more species of dragon flies have been confused under the name of pallidus. I have no doubt of the existence in the genus Gomphus, as generally used, of several subgroups, along the lines indicated by de Selys and Professor Needham. As soon as possible it will be convenient to use these subgroups as genera. But before this can be done an exhaustive study of the approxi- mately seventy species involved will be necessary. At pres- ent no one can use these group names intelligently. These groups have been defined by Professor Needham, so far as imagoes go, in terms not used or emphasized by de Selys, whose groups were based largely on thoracic pattern, though the resultant groupings, in the two cases, have much in com- mon. For example de Selys' Group 5 includes pallidus (and villosipes), lividus, spicatus, ntinuius and exilis. Arigomphus, as used by Needham, includes \pallidus, villosipes, spicatus and other species not known to de Selys in 1858, the date of the Monographic. Lividus and exilis are placed in another group by Needham, who has not discussed minutus. As stated above the groups require accurate definition. So far as de Selys goes, stpicatus and exills, at least, should not be associated with pallidus; and in Needham's arrangement it is certainly a mistake to separate exilis and spicatus, for example. Arigomphus is defined (Aquatic Insects Adirondacks, p. 447-8) as having two cells between the base of veins Ai and A2 at their origin. Five males and one female of villosipes, selected at random, all have a single cell. Three males of cornutus, which is an Arigomphus, have two wings with one cell, and four wings with two. This character is tabulated below for the material discussed in this paper. To the shape of the apex of abdominal segment 8 some importance may attach, but the character is difficult of accurate definition (see Fig. 8, and ex- planation). As to the hind femora in the two sexes, I have examined thirty species of which I have both sexes, and the femora are different in the sexes in all of them. In the males Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 the last femur has short or very short subequal numerous spines or teeth, and no hair, sparse non-concealing hair, or long dense hair. In the females the spines on the apical half or two-thirds of the femur are longer and sparser than on the basal portion. But hairiness in the male is not a characteristic of Arigom- phus. In fact, it is not evident why Professor Needham in- cluded spicatus in Arigoinphus; and in furcifer, which I agree with him belongs in Arigomphns, the femur has very sparse hair, and the term hairy could better be applied to viridifrons, brevis and abbreviatus, for example. The position of the pos- terior ham'ule of the male seems a valuable character, though applicable only to the one sex. Not wishing at this time to discuss these subgroups of Gom- phus, it is nevertheless necessary, in order to give some idea of the relationships of the two new species described in this paper, to point out some characters which they possess in com- mon with others of the genus. Briefly some of these charac- ters are as follows : Thorax green, varying in shade with age, sex and species, and with distinct markings if present confined to the region of the mid-dorsal carina and the humeral suture. Face without dark markings. Legs robust, hind femora ex- tending beyond the auricles ; in the male with short subequal spines and more or less hair; in the female without hair, or with very sparse hair, and with unequal spines, many of which exceed the spines of the male and which are longest at about two-thirds the length of the femur. Posterior hamule of male directed posteriorly; posterior edge of seminal vesicle, seen in profile, distinctly concave or excavated. Vulvar lamina one- fourth to one-half length of segment 9, triangular, apex di- vided for a short distance with the branches pressed together or parallel. North America, east of the Rocky Mountains. The species may be grouped as follows : Legs dark, last femora black; furcifer, villosipes, cornutus, lentulus, 1 australis. 1 1 Australis and lentulus are known to me only from descriptions. So far as I know, only the types are known, unless a male, referred by Muttkowski to lentulus, should prove to be that species (New Records 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Legs paler, last femora largely pale; pallidus, submedianus, subaipicalis. MATERIAL EXAMINED AND LITERATURE. Gomphus pallidus Rambur. Through the great kindness of Mons. Guillaume Severin and Mr. Samuel Henshaw, I have been able to study the classical material of de Selys and Hagen. De Selys' material consists of one male and three females, including the two female types of Rambur. In addition Mons. Severin sent me the single specimen of G. villosipes in the de Selys collection.. For con- venience I have designated these specimens numerically. De Selys i, G. villosipes male, a slightly teneral, badly faded speci- men, labelled in de Selys' hand, "G. villosipes $, Philadelphia, Cal- vert.' >!| This is lightly smaller and less robust than Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois specimens in my collection. However, I believe all represent a single species. De Selys 2, labelled, "Gomphus pilipes. Hag. $ ( $ de pallidus.") "N. America.". "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ." De Selys 3, labelled "Gomphus pallidus R. $ ." of WSs. Drf. Vol. IX, April 1911, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., pp. 36, 37, plate IV. "A single male in the Brooklyn Museum, locality un- known.") The type of lentulus is stated to be in the collection of Mr. C. A. Hart, but this is a mistake as the following quotation from a letter of April 21, 1913, from Mr. Hart shows: "As to lentulus a university student captured it, and I attempted to name it. It was badly broken and I attempted to mend it; in so doing I disturbed the genitalia, but as I had already studied these carefully and they seemed unlike anything I had ever seen, I managed to keep them about as they were. The question of the location of the type has come up before. I can only say that it is not in the State Laboratory Collections, so far as I know, and that I have no dragonfly collection." This loss is the more unfortunate from the fact that lentulus, like australis, was not figured, nor were characters for separating them from their closest allies pointed out. It seems to me that australis is probably not closely related to species included under Arigomphus in this paper. The larva of australis (supposition) is known, but it is possibly pal- lidus, since the Illinois specimens, described by Needham and Hart as pallidus, are not that species. *[As I never obtained villosipes in Philadelphia, it is likely that this specimen is from one of the Pennsylvania localities cited on p. 245, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. xx, with my original locality label displaced. P. P. CAI.VERT.] Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 De Selys 4, one of Rambur's types, labelled, "Collect Latreille," then below this is a red ink margined label, one end of which has been torn off, on which is written in red ink "Amer. Sept.," following which is some character which may be a continuation of the abbrevia- tion of 'septentrionale,' but which resembles the figure 6 with a long comma or figure 7 below it as much as anything. It is hardly pos- sible, however, that this is a date, September 6. Below this label is a small rectangle of gilt paper. De Selys 5, the other of Rambur's types, a small label " 9 ," below this a label similar to the red-inked label of the other type, but in this case the ink is faded to brown, and one end of the label is cut off obliquely, instead of being torn, on which is written a word the first four letters of which are plainly "Pari," but the last letter or character of which I cannot be sure; this is the label "Paris" of Rambur ; below this label is a bit of gilt paper, as in the other type, and below this a long narrow label "G. pallidus." The entire abdomen of this specimen is lost. Hagen's material consists of 3 males and i female: Hagen i, a ten- eral male bears Hagen's printed label "Hagen" and "Florida, Thaxter." Hagen 2, a male in good condition, labelled "Ft. Reed, Fla., Apr. 26, '76," and "Gomphus pallidus Rbr." Hagen 3, a male, with abd. appendages broken off, labelled "New Orleans," "G. pallidus Rbr." "Gom.phus pilipes Hagen, $ a vous" (on this label is glued the thoracic sclerite from between the front wings), "G. pilipes Sel." This is the type of pilipes. Hagen 4, a female in good condition, with the printed label "Hagen" and "G. pallidus Rbr., Georgia" and a word I cannot decipher followed by 7 (de Selys records pallidus from Georgia in May). In my collection, a pair, in copulation, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson. The references to the literature of pallidus cited by Kirby, Catalogue p. 64, all relate to papers by de Selys and Hagen, and all I believe refer to true pallidus. In two places in the Monographic de Selys re- fers, apparently inadvertently, to pallidus as pollens, p. 148 (408), and 415 (675). In the Dragonflies of Indiana, 1899, p. 291, and in Additions to the Ind. List, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 176, two females from Elkhart Co., Indiana, collected by R. J. ,Weith are recorded as G. pallidus. One of these specimens is in the Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Col- lection and Dr. Calvert writes that the occiput is very close to my sketch of subr.iedianus. It is probable that both Weith's specimens are submedianus. Needham, Can. Ent. 1897, P- i66 an d Needham and Hart, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Sept. 1901, pp. 14, 16, 67, 77, 79-8i and 87, refer to Illinois specimens as pallidus. Letters were written to both Professor Need- ham and Mr. Hart. Professor Needham writes : "Clearly there are 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 two things we have been calling G. pallidus. I have male specimens from the type locality and both sexes from Florida that correspond exactly with your sketches of pallidus. I have many others from Galesburg, 111. (determined long since, when I first began collecting, for me by Kellicott) that agree with your sketches of submedianus. And I have no intermediates." Mr. Hart kindly sent me drawings of the postocellary vertical ridge of the male and of the occipita of the 2 females in the State Laboratory Collection. Evidently the specimens are submedianus. Calvert, Occas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII, 1905, p. 20, reports pallidus from Waltham, Mass. (Hagen). This record probably refers to true pallidus. Dr. Calvert in addition to notes on the Weith specimen from In- diana, mentioned above, sent me notes on the other specimens in the Phila. Acad. Two males from Texas are submedianus or subapicalis (these two species were not distinguished in my correspondence with Dr. Calvert) ; a Florida male is intermediate, so far as my sketches of the postocellary vertical ridge go, between pallidus and sub- medianus, this specimen is doubtless pallidus. A female from Thomas- ville, Georgia, is pallidus. Wilson, Drf. Cumberland Valley in Ky. and Tenn., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., September, 1912, pp. 192 and 199 states "that the river is entirely patrolled by pallidus." It is impossible to state what species is here referred to. I wrote to Mr. Currie for data on pallidus in the U. S. Nat. Mus. A male, labelled Texas, is submedianus or subapicalis; a female from Missouri and a female from Henderson Co., Illinois, are submedianus. These are the only specimens under the label pallidus in the Nat. Mus. Three other references in literature to G. pallidus do not record any- thing of interest in this connection. Gomphus submedianus n. sp. Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, $ (type) and teneral $ ; Williams Lake, Matagorda, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ ; Wister, Oklahoma, June 3, $ , and June 4, 1907, 3 $ , i 9 . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature see under pallidus. For description of localities see under sub- apicalis. Gomphus subapicalis n. sp. Bay City, Texas, May 24, $ (type), and May 27, 1907, 9 ; Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907, $ . Association of the sexes supposition only. For literature see under pallidus. On May 24 I collected near Bay City, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 Texas, by pools along the railroad to Brownsville. Both submedianus and subdpicalis were taken, but were not distin- guished at the time. The two species were associated again at Williams Lake on May 26. On June 3 and 4 submedianus was taken at an artificial lake along the Frisco R. R. about 1 1/2 miles north of Wister, Oklahoma. CHARACTERS OF PALLIDUS, SUBMEDIANUS AND SUBAPICALIS. Size. Abdomen : pallidus, male 39-42, female 40-43 ; submedianus, male 38-41, female 39-42; subapicalis, male 39-40, female 40. Hind wing: pallidus, male 31-33, female 34-36; submedianus, male 30-33, female 35-39! subapicalis, male 31-34, female 36. Head. Face unmarked, apparently yellowish green in submedianus and subapicalis, and paler green, without yellowish, in pallidus. In Rambur's types, de Selys 4 and 5, much discoloration is evident ; in 4 entire face and frons above are brown; and in 5 the frons, both in front and above, is sharply brown. The color pattern of the frons at its base above is distinct in the three species ; in pallidus there is a brown basal stripe of practically uniform width, if anything widest at the middle ; in submedianus the stripe is distinctly notched or nar- rowed in front of the median ocellus; and in subapicalis it is re- duced to two spots, one on each side of and in front of the median ocellus, these spots joined medianally in the single female. The entire vertex is dark brown, almost black, in pallidus; in submedianus it is paler, and the postocellary vertical ridge is still paler and greenish, only slightly darker, especially along the anterior border, than the frons and the occiput; subapicalis is fairly intermediate between the two others in this character. Fig. 28 is of the postocellary ridge in a Florida male of pallidus; Hagen's I and 2 have the ridge much like figure 31 ; pallidus and submedianus males which might be confused by the form of the appendages, are certainly clearly separated by the form and color of this ridge. Thorax. Green, apparently inclining to brownish in pallidus and yellowish green in the other two. So far as I can detect in the pallidus before me there is no dorsal stripe on either side of the carina, and the carina itself is pale excepting at the median angle. Tn submedianus and subapicalis the carina is dark above the median angle, and there is a very narrow dorsal stripe on either side, or this reduced to a vestige or, in one male of subapicalis, entirely want- ing. (This variation, I believe, is not entirely due to post-mortem changes.) (In the single female referred to subapicalis the thoracic markings are the most developed of any specimen before me ; in this case the dorsal stripes are wide and long, and closely approach the middorsal carina). Antehumeral brown stripe present (wanting in 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 some pallidus due to post-mortem changes or loss of thoracic con- tents), widest and most definite in submedianus and subapicalis. The humeral stripe, like the antehumeral, in pallidus is narrow, obscure, and scarcely evident ; in submedianus it is reduced to a line, in striking contrast to the well developed antehumeral ; in subapicalis it is nearly as wide as the antehumeral. Venation between Ai and Az, I,. Two cells of about equal size in first series 1 , Ai angled 3 : sub- medianus, 2 male wings, 20% ; subapicalis, 3 male wings, 75%. II. Two cells in first series, the proximal one of these two long and narrow, Ai not angled : pallidus, 9 male wings, 90%, 4 female wings, 40% ; submedianus, i female wing, 16.7%. III. One cell in first series, Ai angled : pallidus, i male wing, 10% ; submedianus, 8 male wings, 80%. 3 female wings, 50% ; subapicalis, i male wing, 25%, I female wing, 50%. IV. One cell in first series. Ai not angled : pallidus. 6 female wings, 60%; submedianus, 2 female wings, 33.3%; subapicalis, i female wing, 50%. Legs. Light brown in pallidus, femora darker apically and dorsally, tibiae gray dorsally, tarsus black, second joint of last tarsus gray, and first joint of same tarsus gray in the middle; last femora with some hair in the female, and in the male almost covered with brown pile. In the other two species the femora are not nearly so hairy, and there is a distinct color pattern of dark on a ground color paler than the light brown of pallidus. In submedianus the legs are green or yellowish green, the femora apically and dorsally black ; the tibiae black ventrally and, in sharp contrast, yellow dorsally, tarsus patterned as in pallidus, but the middle joint of the middle legs shows more or less pale also; from the apical black of the last femur three fine lines run basally on the dorsal surface of the femur, two of these are anterior (external) and the other is posterior (internal), the apical black occupies I to 2 mm., and the black lines, except sometimes the most anterior one and the posterior one in the male, do not reach the base of the femur. Subapicalis is similar to submedianus, but on the last femora the apical black is more extensive and the lines are less developed, the posterior scarcely evident, and the two anterior lines shorter than in submedianus. Abdomenj The abdominal markings are generality obscure, ill- defined and difficult of description. Probably this is true of the majority of these insects in life, and more generally true of dried material. In the absence of any notes on living colors and with 1 In all wings examined there are 2 cells in the second series. 2 Ai varies from distinctly angled to straight in the entire series of wings examined, so the description as angled or straight is, in some cases, arbitrary. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate V. GOMPHUS PALLIDUS, ETC. -WILLIAMSON. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 the material before me, it seems that any detailed descriptions might be more misleading than otherwise. The absence of any extensive, well defined area of black is at once a conspicuous character. In pallidus a dorsal interrupted green or yellowish green stripe, con- tinued from the pale area between the wings, extends from 1-7, this stripe bordered by brown which shades out indefinitely ventrally, ex- cepting on i and 2, where, as generally in the genus, the color pattern is better defined, the sides below of these two segments being similar to the pale thoracic colors; 8-10 are brown or yellowish brown, 10 the lightest color and possibly in the male sometimes yellow. In the females of the other two species the color pattern is essentially similar, but in the males of these two, segments 3-6 are largely pale, the color of the middorsal stripe, with apical dark brown spots on either side of the dorsum. In submedianus male segments 7-10 are similarly colored, orange or golden brown, with 10 paler. In subapicalis, on the other hand, segment 7 more closely resembles 6 (rather than 8) as in pallidus. Abdominal appendages, male. Yellow or yellowish brown in color, extreme apex and tubercle of the superiors and the apex of each branch of the inferior black or dark brown. In pallidus and sub- medianus the ventral tubercle is placed near the middle of the superior appendage ; in subapicalis it is placed beyond the middle and in size is reduced to a minimum, the maximum being reached in pallidus. The appendages of pallidus and submedianus are very similar. When the appendages are in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 27, in pallidus the dorsal and inner edge of the right superior appendage is straight or a flat uniform curve; in submedianus this edge has a distinct angle at the base of the needle-like apex, as though the edge were wrinkled or folded. Vulvar lamina, female. In de Selys' 3 and 4 and Hagen's 4 the vulvar lamina lies close to the abdomen, but little erected ; in my material in every case the lamina is more erect, and the maximum in this direction is shown in fig. 10. I believe that the position of the lamina in this respect is largely a matter of chance, since there is apparently nothing in the form of the lamina of fig. 10 to prevent it being closely appressed to the abdomen. EXPLANATION OF PLATES IV AND V. Four half tone figures from drawings from Mons. Guillaume Severin. Upper two, Gomphus pallidus, de Selys No. 2; lower two, Gomphus villosipcs, de Selys No. i. All the numbered figures are of the same magnification. Figs. 1-12, Gomphus subapicalis; figs. 1-8, male; figs. 9-12, female, i, 2, 3, dorsal, ventral and lateral views of abdominal appendages ; 4, anterior lamina ; 5, accessory genitalia ; 6, postocellary vertical ridge, 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 dorsal view; 7, occiput; 8, right profile of apex of abdominal seg- ment 8 and base of 9 of two specimens, superimposed and with dorsa coinciding; solid line, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907, (the specimen from which figs. 1-7 are drawn), dotted line, Williams Lake, Matagorda County, Texas, May 26, 1907. This figure shows the difficulty or impossibility of using the shape of the apex of 8 as a definite character. Fig. 9, vulvar lamina ; 10, left profile of abdominal segment 9, showing position of vulvar lamina; n, postocellary ver- tical ridge, dorsal view ; 12, occiput. All female figures from a specimen from Bay City, Texas, May 27, 1907. Figs. 13-23, Gomphus submedianus; figs. 13-20, male, Bay City, Texas, May 24, 1907; figs. 21-23, female, Wister, Oklahoma, June 4, 1907. 13, 14, 15, lateral, dorsal and ventral views of abdominal ap- pendages; 16, accessory genitalia; 17, anterior lamina; 18, left superior abdominal appendage, externo-dorsal view; 19, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 20, occiput; 21, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view ; 22, occiput ; 23, vulvar lamina. Figs. 24-35, Gomphus pallidus; figs. 24-29, male, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson; figs. 30-35, female. 24, accessory genitalia ; 25, ventral view of inferior abdom- inal appendage ; 26, anterior lamina ; 27, left superior abdominal ap- pendage, externo-dorsal view ; 28, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view; 29, occiput; 30, vulvar lamina, de Selys No. 4; 31, postocellary vertical ridge, dorsal view, Salt Lake, St. Petersburg, Florida, March 31, 1913, L. A. Williamson (this specimen in copulation with male of figs. 24-29) ; 32, occiput, de Selys No. 3 ; 33, occiput, de Selys No. 5 ; 34, occiput, de Selys No. 4 ; 35, occiput, same data as for fig. 31. To Our Subscribers. It may be of interest to some to know that we have no way of ascertaining whether or not a subscriber wishes to renew except by receiving an order or payment from him. So we have stopped send- ing the NEWS on expiration of subscriptions. We have in the past tried to judge who would be likely to renew, but even then some of our oldest subscribers have discontinued after we have sent them several numbers. These copies are seldom returned and we cannot afford to lose them. This is responsible for the scarcity of the early issues of some of the back volumes. Every cent saved in the running expenses is utilized to the betterment of our journal, and we are trying to reduce such expenses wherever possible. One way is by sending all numbers at the rate of one cent per pound in- stead of one cent per four ounces. Thus tardy renewers have to wait until the next issue for their back numbers. The success of an Entomological Journal is partly due to giving its subscribers the best production for the money received. We therefore beg our subscribers to help us in reducing our expenses by reading our instructions on second page of cover and by having patience. The fact that the magazine is stopped is in no way a reflection on the honesty or financial standing of the individual. Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 Preliminary List of Heterocera Captured in and around St. Louis, Missouri. Sphingidae to Sesiidae Arranged According to Dyar's List o f North American Lepidoptera. Compiled by PAUL A. SCHROERS, St. Louis, Mo. (Continued from Vol. XXIV, page 463.) 2810. Catocala lacrymosa Guen. a. ulalume Sir. b. paulina Ed- wards. c. emilia Edw. d. evelina French. e. zelica F. 2811 viduata Guen. 2813 vidua Sin. & Ab. 2814 dejecta Sir. 2815 retecta Gr. a. luctuosa Hulst. 2816 flebilis Gr. 2817 robinsonii Gr. a. curvata Fr. 2819 obscura Str. a. simulatilis Gr. 2820 residua Gr. 2821 insolabilis Guen. 2822 angusi Gr. a. lucetta Edw. 2823 Judith Str. 2827 cara Guen. a. sylvia Edw. b. carissima Hulst. 2828 amatrix Hilb. a. nurus Walk. 2829 marmorata Edw. 2841 junctura Walk. 2848 unijuga Walk. 2857 parta Guen. 2858 coccinata G"r. 2864 ultronia Hub. a. celia JEdw. b. mopsa Edw. c. adriana Edw. 2865 Catocala ilia Cr. a. zoe 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2881 2882 2887 2888 2891 2892 2894 2898 2900 b. uxor Guen. c. osculata Hulst. innubens Guen. a. flavidalis Gr. b. hinda Fr. c. scintillans Gr. nebulosa Edw. piatrix Gr. dyonisa H. Edw. neogama Sm. & Ab. a. communis Gr. b. snowiana Gr. subnata Gr. cerogama Guen. paleogama Guen. a. annida Eager. b. phalanga Gr. censors Sm. & Ab. illecta Walk. serena Edw. habilis Gr. a. basalis Gr. clintonii Gr. nuptialis Walk. polygama Guen. a. crataegi Soun- ders. b. mira Gr. amasia Sm. & Ab. a. virens French. fratercula d. timandra H. Edw. e. hero H. Edw. i. gisela Meyer. praeclara Gr. & Rob. 6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 2901 2902 2903 2904 2906 2907 2911 2915 2920 2921 2922 2923 2940 2946 2953 2962 2971 2973 2977 2979 2983 2986 3006 3007 3012 3013 3019 3039 3058 3059 3062 3066 dulciola Gr. grynea Cr. alabamae Gr. titania Dodge. minuta Edw. a. parvula Edw. arnica Hub. a. lineella Gr. b. nerissa H. Edw. Euparthenos nubilis Hub. a. apache Po- ling. Phoberia atomaris Hub. Panopoda rufimargo Hub. a. carneicosta Guen. b. roseicosta. Parallelia bistriaris Hub. Agnomonia anilis Dr. Remigia repanda F'ab. Phurys vinculum Guen. Celiptera frustulum Guen. Strenoloma lunilinea Gr. Trama detrahens Walk. Yrias clientis Gr. repentis Gr. Zale horrida Hub. Pheocyma lunifera Hub. Ypsia undularis Dr. Homoptera lunata Dr. a. edusa Dr. Erebus odora L. Thysania zenobia Cr., one specimen, by Mr. L. Schnell. 'Epizeuxis lubricalis Geyer. denticulalis Har. Zanclognatha laevigata Gr. ochreipennis Gr. Chytolita morbidalis Guen. Palthis angulalis Hub. asopialis Guen. Salia interpuncta Gr. Bomolacha bijugalis Wlk. 3067 scutellaris Gr. 3068 albalinealis Wlk. 3069 madefactalis Guen. 3073 deceptalis Wlk. 3079 Platypena scabra Fab. 3080 Hypena humuli Har. NOTODONTIDAE. 3091 Apatelodes angelica Gr. 3092 Melalophia apicalis Walk. 3098 Datana ministra Dr. 3100 angusi Gr. & Rob. 3108 integerrima Gr. & Rob. 3111 Hypereschra stragula Gr. 3112 georgica Her.- Sch. 3113 tortuosa Tep- per. 3118 Pheosia dimidiata Hcr.-Sch. 3121 Lophondonta angulosa Pack. 3123 Nadata gibbosa Sm. & Ab. 3125 Symmerista albifrons Sm. & Ab. 3133 Heterocampa obliqua Pack. 3137 manteo Doubleday- 3142 bilineata Pack. 3143 Misogada unicolor Pack. 3145 lanassa lignicolor Walk. 3148 Schizura ipomoeae Double- day. 3149 concinna Sm. & Ab. 3153 badia Gr. 3162 Harpyia cinerea Walk. 3165 Fentonia marthesia Cr. 3170 Ellida caniplaga Wlk. THYATIRIDAE. 3180 Euthyatira pudens Guen. LIPARIDAE. 3189 Heterocampa vetusta Boisd. Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 6l 3190 leucostigma Sm. & Ab. 3192 definita Pack. 3196 Porthetria dispar L., one specimen. 3198 Doa ampla Gr. 2,222 Heteropacha rileyana Har. PLATYPTERYGIDAE. 3226 Oreta rosea Walk. 3229 Drepana arcuata Walk. GEOMETRIDAE. 3232 Dyspteris abortivaria Her.- Sch. 3234 Nyctobia limitata Wlk. 3248 Eudule mendica Wlk. 3260 Nannia refusata Wlk. 3262 Heterophleps triguttaria Her.-Sch. 3294 Tephroclystis absinthiata Clerk. 3323 Eucymatoge intestinata Guen. 3332 Euchoeca albovittata Guen. 3340 Hydria undulata L. 3348 Eustroma diversilineata Hub. 3354 atrocolorata Gr. 3359 Rheumaptera hastata L. 3370 Percnoptilotia fluviata Hub. 3374 Mesoleuca lacustrata Guen. 3416 Triphosa duhitata L. 3436 Marmopteryx marmorata Pack. 3468 Haematopsis grattaria Fab. 3469 Erastria amaturaria Wlk. 3480 Cosymbia lumenaria Hub. 3486 Synelis alabaslaria Hiib. 3530 Eois ossularia Hiib. 3546 inductata Guen. 3550 sideraria Guen. 3561 Chloroclamys chloroleucaria Gr. Sciagrapha heliothidota Pack. mellistrigata Gr. Philobia enotata Guen. Cymatophora tenebfosata Hulst. Sympherta tripunctaria Paraphia subatomaria Wood. a. unipuncta Haw. Tornos scolopacinarius Guen. Selidosoma humarium Guen. Cleora pampinaria Guen. Melanolophia canadaria 3581 Synchlora liquoraria Guen. 3604 Eufidonia notataria Wlk. 3614 Mellila inextricata var. a. xanthometata 3651 3664 3667 3722 3/47 3803 3814 3838 3850 3858 3862 3864 3865 3867 3908 3911 3916 3922 3923 3925 3932 3934 3939 3944 3956 3961 3957 Ectropis crepuscularia Denis. Epimecis virginaria CV. Lycia ursaria Wlk. cognataria Guen. Therina endropiaria Gr. Rob. fervidaria Hiib. Eugonobapta nivosaria & Ennomos subsignarius Hiib. magnarius Guen. Xanthotype crocataria Fab. Plagodis emargataria Guen. Hyperitis amicaria H?r.- Sr/z, Ania limbata Haw. Gonodontis duaria Guen. Euchlaena obtusaria Hiib. amoenaria Guen. effectaria 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 3965 pectinaria Denis. 4007 Caberodes confusaria Hiib. 4011 Tetrads crocallata Guen. 4013 Sabulodes sulphurata Pack. 4026 transversata Dr. 4028 Abbottana clemataria Sm. & Ab. LACOSOMIDAE. 4059 Cicinnus melsheimeri Har. 4060 Lacosoma chiridota Gr. PSYCHIDAE. 4065 Thyridopterix ephemerae- formis Hw. COCHLIDIIDAE. 4080 Euclea chloris Her.-Sch. 4092 Prolimacodes scapha Har. 4094 Cochlidon biguttata Pack. 4096 Y-inversa Pack. MEGALOPYGIDAE. 4108 Carama cretata Gr. 4110 Lagoa crispata Pack. THYRIDAE. 4131 Thyris maculata Har. 4147 Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. 4160 Hypopta anna Dyar. SESIIDAE. 4162 Melittia satyriniformis Hiib. 4188 Aegeria apiformis Clerk. 4221 Sesia acerni Clemens. A Recently Described Psyllid from East Africa (Hemip.). By D. L. CRAWFORD, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Specimens of an interesting Psyllid affecting fig trees in East Africa, submitted to the writer by Dr. L. O. Howard for determination, prove to be identical with a species recently described by Robert Newstead, from Nyasaland. A new genus, Pseuderiopsylla, was erected by Newstead for the spe- cies, which he called nyasae n. sp. There is a very close re- semblance between this African species and a species described earlier, from the Island of Formosa, by Kuwayama. The relationship is so close, moreover, that the two species cannot be considered as generically distinct. The description of Macrohomotoma Kuwayama was apparently overlooked by Newstead, for otherwise a new genus would not have been erected. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead may, therefore, be con- sidered a synonym of Macrohomototna Kuwayama. MACROHOMOTOMA Kuwayama. Kuwayama, S. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. II :i79, 1907. Pseuderiopsylla Newstead, R. Bui. of Ent. Research, II: 105, 1911. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 Body large, robust ; head as broad as thorax, deflexed ; ver- tex broad, more or less cleft in front ; genal cones entirely wanting; frons not covered by genae, but visible as a narrow sclerite from front ocellus to clypeus ; front ocellus above ; antennae short, about as long as width of head. Thorax large ; pronotum very short. Forewings large, hyaline, transparent, acute at apex ; pterostigma unusually large, elliptical ; marginal cells very large ; branching of veins similar in type to Carsi- dara. Type of genus: Macrohomotoma gladiatum Kuwayama (loc. cit, p. 180). The genus shows a distinct relationship to Carsidarinae, although the head is not so deeply cleft in front and there is no basal spur on the hind tibiae, as there is in many of the other genera placed in this subfamily (Crawford Pomona Journ. Ent., Ill, p. 381, 1911). Synopsis of the Species. A. Cubital vein before its furcation as long as stem of media and ctibitus ; pterostigma black apically ; female genital segment very short M. gladiatum Kuway. AA. Cubitus exceedingly short before furcation, many times shorter than stem of media and cubitus ; pterostigma not black apically ; female genital segment long and slender M. nyasae (Newst.) Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead). Syn. Pseudcriopsylla nyasae Newstead loc. cit. p. 105, 1911. Length of body (male) 2.9 mm.; (female) 3.3 mm.; length of fore- wing 5.2 to 5.6 mm. General color reddish brown to chocolate brown ; dorsal portion of scutellum and posterior part of dorsulum, vertex, male genitalia, and legs, lighter brown to ochraceous ; venter of abdomen whitish. Head very broad, as broad as thorax, greatly deflexed ; vertex nearly twice as broad as long, coarsely punctate, with a deep fovea on each side of median line posteriorly and a deep sulcus connecting them; front margin somewhat cleft, but not as much as in Carsidara; front ocellus easily visible from above. Genal cones entirely want- ing; frons narrowly visible between genae. Antennae slender, about as long as width of head, black at tip. Thorax very large, broad and strongly arched ; pronotum very short, sometimes mostly concealed behind posterior margin of head; dorsulum longer than broad ; raetanotum produced at posterior end 6 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 into three erect contiguous, tuberculous processes. Legs short, thick ; hind tibiae with four black spines at apex., Forewings very large, two and a half times as long as broad, acutely pointed at apex, costal margin more strongly arched ; marginal cells unusually large, subequal ; Cu very short; pterostigma more opaque than rest of wing Macrohomotoma nyasae (Newstead). A, head, dorsal view; B, forceps of male, posterior view; C, male genitalia, lateral view; D, forewing. surface; primary furcation very near to base of wing. (I find no traces of the supernumerary vein between Rs and the pterostigma, as shown by NeWstead. Either he examined an anomolous wing or else examined the wing on the insect and mistook the costa of the hind wing beneath for this vein.) Hind wings small, transparent. Abdomen large ; male anal valve about as long as forceps, cylin- drical and truncate at apex, with the anus occupying most of trun- cate surface ; with a long, lateral, sinuate prolongation extending caudad to base of forceps (cf. fig. C). Forceps long, stout, acutely pointed at apex, carinate at base on outside ; pubescence conspicuous. Female genital segment long and very slender, longer than rest of abdomen, dorsal valve longer than ventral, both acute at tip. Described from one male and one female, collected at Lou- rengo Marquez, Portuguese East Africa (C. W. Howard), on leaves and fruit of Ficus sp., July 13, 1908. A thick, white, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 floccose substance is excreted by the nymphs and adults and renders their presence very conspicuous. These floccose fila- ments are unusually long and are sticky to the touch. Newstead described this species as affecting a native fig ("Kachire"), on the northwest shore of Lake Nyasa, Nyasa- land, Africa. Although I have not seen Newstead's specimens, there can be little doubt but that the specimens before me are identical with those from Nyasa. Nymph : Rather circular in outline, flattened, strikingly colored ; brownish, with a median dorsal white stripe from anterior end to base of abdomen and a transverse white band on meso- and meta- thorax, connecting with "a white stripe -around the inner margin of wing pads. Abdomen basally with four narrow, transverse black bands, and caudad with a bilateral pair of brown rings with a brown spot in the center of each. Margin of body with slender hairs; sur- face sparsely hairy. Length i to 2.5 mm. The nymphs excrete and cover themselves with a dense, white, flocculent, sticky substance, as noted above. Eggs: "Pale yellow, when empty pearly white. They are laid upon the surface of the leaves and are protected by a layer of white and rather densely felted wax, the latter extending beyond eggs for some considerable distance." (Newstead). The Latest Work of Prof. O. M. Reuter. Tn Science for January 9. 1914. Prof. W. M. Wheel er has a two-page notice of Prof. Renter's Lebensgewohnheiten nnd Instinkte der Inscktcn bis zum Erwachcn dcr soclalen Instinkte. This is a German translation from the Swedish manuscript and was revised by the author shortly be- fore his death, to which regrettable event attention was called in the NEWS for January. Memorials of Alfred Russel Wallace. Science states that it is proposed to place a memorial to Alfred Rus- sel Wallace in Westminster Abbey, a statue or bust in the British Mu- seum of Natural History, and a portrait in the Royal Society's gallery. Contributions for these purposes may be sent to the Union of London and Smith Bank, Holborn Circus, London, E. C. Notice to Authors. Authors publishing entomological articles in non-entomological jour- nals, who desire to have such articles noted in our current literature list, will do well to send copies of them to ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS, i<,i>'> Race St., Philadelphia. Pa. After note lias been made of the ?ain<-. they will be deposited in the library of the American Entomological Society. 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Standards of the number of eggs laid by Spiders (Aran.) III.* Being Averages Obtained by Actual Count of the Combined Eggs of Twenty (20) Depositions or Masses. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), North Queensland, Australia. 3. ULOBOROUS GENICULATUS Oliv. No. Date counted 1912 No. counted per mass Successive Totals Av. per Egg Mass Max. Min. Range I May i 140. 140. 140. 140. 2 IOI. 241- 120. 3 108. 349- "3- 4 70. 419. 105. 5 68. 488. 98. 6 78. 566. 94- 7 107. 673. 96. 8 127. 800. IOO. 9 97- 8 97 . IOO. 10 73- 970. 97- ii 134. 1104. IOO. 12 in. 1215. IOI. 13 May 5 94- 1309. IOI. 14 JoS. 1417. IOI. 15 89. 1506. IOO. 16 71- 1577- 9Q. 17 60. 1637- 96. 60. 80 18 May 6 87. 1724. 96. 19 82. 1806. 95- 20 119. I925- 96. 20 I9 2 5. 96. 140. 60. 80 The above eggs were obtained from a number of nests in a private residence used as a field laboratory on the edge of the little hamlet of Nelson (Cairns District), North Queensland, Australia, the first week in May, 1912. The species was kindly identified for me by Mr. W. J. Rainbow, of the Australian Museum, Sydney. Three egg bags to the nest seem to be the average per female, but the following observations show that as many as six may be deposited. A female kept under obser- vation from April 30, 1912 (snbpended in an isolated web across part of the frame of a rude ladder on the back veranda) made a fresh cast a day or two previously and another on May 10, so that she became mature not until the night of * For the first two of this series, see ENT. NEWS, XXII, pp. 461 ; XXIV, p. 213. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 May. 9. Mating was not observed. On May 29 (early A. M.), or about twenty days after reaching maturity, the first cocoon of eggs was found suspended in the nest ; and the second very early in the morning of June 10. Early in the morning of June 21 the third mass was deposited and the fourth about the same time July 4. The four cocoons were then suspended in the nest above the center in one corner, the first above and the other three in a nearly straight line below it, all taken together forming a triangle of which the second made the middle of the base directly below the first, the triangle's apex. The fifth mass was deposited during the night of July 30-31, and the sixth August 26-27. The female disappeared on September 6, 1912. All of these eggs were fertile. Nos. 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9, 15 and 16, and 18 and 19 (in the table) were from the same nest, each couple being the second and third bags from the respective females, the first having hatched; No. II was the fourth mass from a nest, the three others having hatched; the other numbers were first or second masses. The number of eggs which may be laid by some spiders is illustrated by the contents of a medium-sized, hemispherical egg mass, covered with a silk cap found placed flat against a board at Paris, Texas, in March, 1904. It contained two thou- sand one hundred and three compact, round, yellow eggs, Unfortunately the species was unknown. Origin of Oligotropy of Bees (Hym.)* By CHARLES ROBERTSON, Carlinville, Illinois. In this journal, volume 24: 104, Mr. Lovell replies to some criticisms made in the number for December, 1912, Vol. 23: 457- The statement about Bpeolus, quoted from the Botanical Gazette 28: 35, July, 1899, was corrected two months after- ward on page 215 of the same journal, where it is also re- [*This article was received in July, 1913, but has not been published at an earlier date, owing to the large number of manuscripts sent in before it. Editor.] 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 corded that Triepeolus donatus is an inquiline of Entechnia taurea. Lovell states that this bee visits the Compositae ex- clusively. Of ten local species of Triepeolus, including T. donatus and excluding one of only one visit, none are exclu- sive visitors of Compositae. Lovell is correct in saying that in my view a bee is oligotrop- ic everywhere or nowhere. The whole matter is an inference from the fact that a bee has been observed collecting pollen on a certain flower and has not been found doing so on any other. The force of the latter statement depends upon the presumption that the observer would know whether a bee collects pollen from another flower or not. In 1899 I suggested fifty-three bees as oligotropic. I had observed 36/0 visits of 194 nest-making bees to about 400 different kinds of flow- ers, so there was some basis for the presumption that if the bee were not oligotropic I would know it. Nevertheless, from my own observations I have found it necessary to modify six cases and reject four. Lovell quotes my statement: "When the flowers upon which a bee depends becomes extinct or rare, the bee may disappear or be forced to resort to flowers which originally it did not visit." This may be true as a general statement, but I have never used it to support untenable cases. The statement of Miiller quoted from the Fertilisation of Flowers (not "Plants"), p. 570, has already been commented on in the Bot. Gaz. 32: 367, 1901. It only shows that Miiller did not understand the flower-visiting habits of bees. I do not accept the opinion : "Therefore the entomophilous flora of a region, as a whole, is not better pollinated because a part of the bees are oligotropic than it would be if they were all polytropic." Lovell says : r 'The fact that so many bees are oligotropic to the Compositae would seem alone to refute the theory that this habit is an effort on their part to avoid competition by visiting different plant families." Observing that Lovell can fiot cite a passage where anyone has propounded such a theory, let us consider the Compositae oligotropes. In the Can. Ent. 42 : 327, I have stated that of twenty exclusive both in their pollen and nectar visits the majority are oligotropes of Com- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 positae and say: "It is not so surprising that some of these are exclusive when we consider that at their maximum the Compositae form 34 per cent, of the indigenous flowers." At Carlinville the phenological positions of the indigenous Compositae and their oligotropes are : Apr.-May Jn.-July Aug.-Sept. Oct. Compositae 10.8 57.6 86.9 42.3 Oligotropes 7.5 47.5 90 50 It may be that some of these originated under the maximum of the Compositae. But it is a little too much to assume that they originally had a short flight, turned to the Compositae and happened to fall into a nice phenological correlation. My view is that they have a short flight and form their maximum under that of the Compositae because they are oligotropes. They are the most abundant at the time when competition would be the least. Whenever competition becomes the most severe at this point, it will be an advantage to change food habits, or fly earlier or later. That the pressure of competition has already reached a severe stage is indicated by Melissodes and at least some genera of Panurgidae. In my opinion Mclissodcs is typically a genus of Compositae oligotropes and the polytropic species, as well as those which are oligotropes of other flowers, were originally developed from oligotropes of Compositae. The same may be true of the Panurgidae, but I am doubtful about it except in some of the genera. But it is misleading to speak as if Compositae oligotropes were all competitors. Some do not occur at the same time as others ; probably the flight of no two exactly coincides. More- over they are not all oligotropes of the same flowers. They fall into the following fourteen more or less non-competitive sets. Where two tribes are mentioned most of the visits are to the first : Krigia: Pterandrena krigiana; Boltonia: Perditella bol- toniae; Vernonia'. Melissodes vernoniana, vernoniae ; Cnicus: M. cnici; Coreopsis palinata: M. coreopsis; Hclianthns: Halic- toides marginatus ; Asteroidcae : Colletes armatus, Andrena nubecula, Pterandrena asteris, solidaginis, Pseudopanurgus 7<3 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 compositarum, M. asteris; Helianthoideae: Sayapis pollicaris, pugnata, Pterandrena aliciae, pulchella, rudbeckiae, Pseudo- panurgus albitarsis, rudbeckiae, labrosus, labrosiformis, ru- gosus, M. illinoensis; Asteroideae and Helenioideae: M. simillima ; Asteroideae and Helianthoideae : Colletes ameri- canus, Pseudopanurgus asteris, solidaginis, Perdita 8-maculata, M. autumnalis ; Helianthoideae and Asteroideae : Ashmeadiella bucconis, Megachile 6-dentata, Pterandrena helianthi, Calliop- sis coloradensis, M. agilis ; Helianthoideae and Cynarioideae : Sayapis pugnata, M. coloradensis; Three tribes: Colletes com- pact us, Gnathosmia georgica, M. trinodis, Sayapis sayi ; Four tribes: M. boltoniae. Lovell says : "How has the oligotropic habit originated ? Mr. Robertson believes that it is the result of an effort on the part of the different species to avoid competition. I hold that it has arisen because of the advantage gained coupled with a short term of flight." He also says : "Accessory factors are small size, time of flight, weak flight, vicinity of nests, and the number of bees." In the Bot. Gas. 28: 29, 30, 1899, I have recognized a short flight as an important condition of oligotropy and have prac- tically excluded bees of long flight from the discussion. The use of the words "an effort" in every reference to my views is not justified. I have never used that expression or any words implying that idea. My view is that the bee fauna is all that the flora will support, that there is constant competition be- tween the bees, and that natural selection favors those which are the most diversified, i. e., the least competitive in their food habits. Compared with bees which fly all season the oligotropes have a short flight, but that they, as compared with their rela- tives, originally had a short flight there is no evidence. And the general statement that they have a short flight is mislead- ing. Compare : Less than 51 days 51-100 days Over 100 days Oligotropes 30 36 7 Polytropes 18 39 9 The average flight is shorter and there are more of them Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 with a short flight. In these cases there is no evidence that the oligotropy is the result of the short flight. On the other hand there are enough certain cases to establish the presump- tion that the short flight is a result of the oligotropy. Oligotropic bees are no smaller than their polytropic rela- tives, and the percentage of small bees is no greater than among the polytropes. In my neighborhood 38% of the oligo- tropes and 37% of the polytropes are large. The long-tongued oligotropes and their relatives are among the swiftest of bees, far surpassing Bomb us in this respect. Lovell seems to regard small size as an indication of a weak flight. At any rate, he speaks of Andrena illinoensis as "a small bee, not likely to fly far," and of Ha-lictoides novae- angliae: "They are small bees with a weak flight." This re- quires proof. When the proportions are the same there is a probability that a small bee has a stronger flight than a large one. I have shown that Emphor boinbiformis nests in the neigh- borhood of the Hibiscus on which it depends. The proximity of the nests and food plants is a result rather than a determin- ing condition of the oligotropy. At Carlinville the maximum of Compositae is in August and September. Of the nectar flowers observed by me in these two months seventy-two, 32%, are Compositae. There are fifteen species of inquiline bees flying late and forming a maxi- mum under that of the Compositae. They make from three to thirty visits and an average of fifteen. On the average they make visits of 6% to a flora composed of 32% of Compositae. They seem to fill the conditions required by Lovell 's theory: a short flight of 60 days average determined by the fact that they are inquilines of bees most of which are evidently oligotropes of Compositae. a rather weak flight, and probably come from nests conveniently located with reference to the Compositae. They might easily confine 30 visits, or an aver- age of 15, to the 72 Compositae. Only three species, with an average of 5 visits, confine themselves to the Compositae, while twelve species, with an average of 17 visits, do not. The exclusive ones are Elpeolus autumnalis 7, Holonomada vincta 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 4, H. placida 4. The best of these shows eight less than the average and may be regarded as fragmentary. If a bee limits itself to a given flower, it gains the immediate advantage of being able to anticipate other bees in their visits to the chosen plant. It may increase this advantage by locating its nests near the flowers. To humanize, it may concentrate its attentions upon the flowers so as to get to them first, learn how to manipulate the pollen better than other bees, and finally develop special structures which will increase the ad- vantage. I have pointed out that some oligotropes which collect large pollen have loosely plumose scopae which are better adapted to collect and hold the large grains, while some others which collect the fine pollen of Compositae have densely plumose scopae. Anthedon compta, an oligotrope of Oenothera, whose pollen grains are hard to collect on account of being connected by threads, has scopae of long simple bristles quite different from its nearest relatives. After doing the best it can on the flower, it goes to the stem and turns head downwards so as to work the cobwebby pollen into its scopae. Other bees collect the pollen, but Anthedon surpasses them all in the facility with which it does so. The anthers of Verbena are included in a slender tube and above them is a circle of hairs as if intended to prevent the pollen from being extracted. Ordinary bees can only collect the pollen which adheres to their proboscides. Verbcnapis verbenae has its front tarsi provided with curled bristles. When collecting pollen the bee thrusts both front legs into the tube of the corolla and drags out the pollen with its front tarsi. There are 223 indigenous nest-making bees. One species, flying throughout the season and fitted about like Apis, except for flowers of unusual construction, might collect nearly as much pollen and support nearly as many individuals as all of the 223 together. It would be to the advantage of this bee to become as polytropic as possible, and, as the number of in- dividuals increased, to extend its visits to the most difficult Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 and inconvenient flowers. It would be distinctly disadvantage- ous for it to limit itself to some particular flowers and exceed- ingly unlikely that it would do so. The ecological specializa- tion exhibited by Anthedon, Verbenapis and other oligotropes is a fairly certain indication of the pressure of competition. I think that the long-tongued pygidial bees were developed as competitors of the bumblebees, the first on the ground and the most polytropic of bees. I think this explains why they have a comparatively short and rapid flight and so frequently oligotropic habits. In a similar way the Andrenidae, Panur- gidae and related groups which are so often oligotropic were probably preceded by the Halictidae, the most polytropic of short-tongued bees. There are forty species of Halictidae fly- ing throughout the season. In the spring there are the females which have passed through the winter, but later both sexes of the regular brood are flying so that the maximum is late. There are ninety-four other short-tongued bees occupying the same region. It would be a hard matter for all of these bees to fly throughout the season and compete with the Halictidae. In- stead they have short times of flight and are distributed so that not more than fifty-two are flying in any month and these only in the spring when the Halictidae are least abundant. And these bees are the least abundant when the Halictidae are the most abundant and most active. The early maximum, the short flight, the non-competitive phenological distribution, and the frequently oligotropic habits indicate that these bees have managed to hold their own only by dividing up the remaining field and occupying the most favorable cor- ners left by their perennial polytropic competitors. To the list of local oligotropes add: Petalostemon viola- ceus: Colletes albescens, robertsonii ; Strophostytes angnlosa: Megachile strophostylis ; Papilionaceae: Meg. generosa, Cinathodon georgicus, Anthidium psoraleae, Synalonia atri- ventris, fuscipes ; Sali.v : Andrena salicacea, macoupinensis ; Nymphaeaceae : Chloralictus nymphaearum ; Cassia chamae- crista: Melissodes atripes ; Ipomoca pandurata: Cemolobus ipomoeae. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1914. The Influence of Insects on Civilization. The discoveries of recent years of the parts played by in- sects in the transmission of diseases have demonstrated, as never before, how civilization may be retarded by creatures formerly so commonly despised as unworthy of serious atten- tion. The Panama Canal, the health of Italy, of India, of Havana, of Rio de Janeiro, of New Orleans, are now familiar examples of the influence of the hexapods on human prosper- ity. Sir Ronald Ross has gone so far as to suggest that the downfall of Greece was largely due to malaria, and malaria means the Anopheles mosquito, a conqueror greater than Alexander. No less striking is the effect produced by insects which in large numbers, through a series of years, devastate a staple agricultural product. Dr. W. E. Hinds, of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, in a paper on "County Organization in the Boll Weevil Campaign," read at the recent Atlanta meeting of the Amer- ican Association of Economic Entomologists, considered that the spread of the boll weevil eastward through the Southern States has been more of an advantage than a loss to the human population, inasmuch as it has operated to diminish the dele- terious practice of planting cotton year after year on the same ground, to encourage the habit of rotation of crops and to bring about the necessity for greater co-operation between the planters and other members of the community, a co-operation which has not stopped with measures to combat the weevil but has subsequently extended to those for bettering the com- munity in other ways. We find no entomological entries in the indexes to Buckle, but the future historian of civilization cannot neglect the influ- ence of insects on the processes he attempts to describe. 74 Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining- to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 3 The American Naturalist. 4 The Canadian Entomologist. 10 Nature, London. 11 Annals and Magazine of Natural His- tory, London. 13 Comptes Rendus, Societe de Biologic, Paris. 14 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 18 Ottawa Naturalist. 19 Horae Societatis Entomologiae Rossicae. 21 The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 28 Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique, Paris. 38 Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40 Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 44 Verhandlungen, K. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesell- schaft in Wien. 50 Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 59 Sitzungsberichte, Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freunde, Berlin. 64 Annalen, K. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien. 68 Science, New York. 69 Bolletino, Societa Italiana Entomo- logica. 79 La Nature, Paris. 81 Biologisches Centralblatt, Er- langen. 84 Entomologische Rundschau. 87 Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 89 Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 92 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 123 Bulletin, Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee. 160 Interna- tionale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, Leipzig. 161 Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 164 Bulletin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 166 Interna- tionale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 179 Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology. 182 Revue Russe d'Entomologie, St. Pe- tersburg. 184 Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 186 Journal of Economic Biology, London. 191 Natur, Halb- monatschrift fur alle Naturfreunde. 193 Entomologische Blat- ter, Cassel. 195 Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Cambridge, Mass. 198 Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 200 Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 216 Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 239 Annales, Biologic Lacustre, Brussels. 251 Annales, Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris. 264 Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires. 278 Annales, Soci- ete Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire de Geneve, Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 322 Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 324 Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge, Mass. 327 Scien- tific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India (New Sen), Calcutta. 365 Collec- tions Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Bru- xelles. 367 2nd International Entomological Congress. 368 The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. 369 Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin- Dahlem. 397 Pfluger's Archiv fur die Gesammte Physiologic des Menschen und der Tiere, Bonn. 420 Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington, D. C. 447 Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington. 455 Nach- richten von der Kongl. Gesell. der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Klas. 456 Kosmos, Handweiser fur Naturfreunde, Stuttgart. 457 Memoirs of the Coleoptera by Thos. L. Casey, Washington, D. C. 459 Proceedings of the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Concord, Mass. 450 Ohio State University Bulletin, Columbus. GENERAL SUBJECT. Et. Al. We note that the "Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and Fungous Diseases" has issued their fifth annual report, which is fairly well illustrated and will no doubt prove interesting to many. Ballou, H. A. Some entomological problems in the West Indies, 367, ii, 306-18. Bethune-Baker, G. T. Resolution of the Entomological Society of London, 367, ii, 93-96. Brandt, P. Ueberwinterung der exotenpuppen, 216, xxvii, 201-2. Cosens A. Insect galls (Ab- stract of lecture), 4, 1913, 380-84. Dewitz, J. Die physiologic in der schadlingsforschung, 367, ii, 234-44. Doncaster, L. Sex-lim- ited inheritance in insects, 367, ii. 227-32. Green, E. E. A plea for the centralization of diagnostic descriptions, 367, ii, 216-19. Handlirsch, A. Ueber einige beziehungen zwischen palaeontol- ogie, geographischer verbreitung und phylogenie der insekten, 367, ii, 248-70. Hickson, S. J. Agricultural entomology in the University of Manchester (England), 10, xcii, 355-G. Hinds, W. E. Zoology and entomology at the Mass. Agric. College. Types deposited in the collection. (Amherst, Mass., 1911.) 52 pp. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 Holmes, S. J. Literature for 1912 on the behavior of lower inver- tebrates, 324, iii, 389-400. Horn, W. Protest gegen die zulassung von ausnahmen vom prioritatsgesetz, 367, ii, 158-65. Jonas, I. Praktische and dabei elegante schlupfund zuchtkasten, 84, xxx, 127-130. Kerremans, C. Les varietes doivent-elles etre nominees, 367, ii, 187-91. Kiefer, O. Photographische aufnahmen lebender insekten, 216, xxvii, 197-8. Kolbe, H. J. Die differenzierung der zoographischen elemente der kontinente, 367, ii, 433. Longinos Navas, R. P. Algunos organos de las alas de los insectos, 367, ii. 178-86. Mann, W. M. Literature for 1912 on the behavior of ants and myrmecophiles, 324, iii, 429-455. Meyer, H. Tempera- turexperimente ohne kunstliche faktoren, 216, xxvii, 193-94. Natz- mer, G. Die insektenstaaten, 216, xxvii, 192-3 (cont.)- Olivier, E. Necessite de 1'emploi du latin pour les descriptions, 367, ii, 232-3. Picado, C. Les bromeliacees epiphytes. Considerees comme milieu biologique, 200, xlvii, 215-360. Prout, L. B. On the place of figures in descriptive entomology, 367, ii, 166-77. Seitz, A. On the sense of vision in insects, 367, ii, 198-204. Speiser, P. Be- merkungen und notizen zur geographischen verbreitung einiger blutsaugenden insekten, 367, ii, 205-7. Szymanski, J. S. Zur ana- lyse der sozialen instinkte, 81, xxxiii, 649-658. Taylor, J. W. Geographical distribution and dominance in relation to evolution and phylogeny, 367, ii, 271-94. Turner, C. H. Literature for 1912 on the behavior of spiders and insects other than ants, 324, iii, 401-428. Webster, F. M. Applied entomology for the farmer, 4, 1913, 393-97. Wheeler, G. Suggestions for securing simplifica- tion and permanency in nomenclature, 367, ii. 97-108. Wust. O. Die gallen und ihre erzeuger zu winterstudien, 216, xxvii, 169. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Comstock, J. H. The silk tff spiders and its uses, 367, ii, 1-10. Painter, T. S. On the dimorphism of the males of "Maevia vittata." a jumping spider, 89, xxxv. 625-636. Scheuring, L. Die augen der Arachnoideen, 89, xxxiii, 553-636. Chamberlin, R. V. The lithobiid genera Nampabius, Garibius, Tidabius and Sigibius. 195, Ivii, 39-104. Lahille, F. Nota sobre dos "Txodes" de la Republica Argentina y la medicion de las garra- patas. 264, xvi. 279-290. Penther, A. Beitrag zur kenntnis ameri- kanischer skorpione, 64, xxvii, 239-252. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Calvert, P. P. Progress in our knowledge of the Odonata from 1895-1912, 367, ii. 140-58. Hoffman, R. W. Zur embryonalentwicklung der Strepsipteren, 455, 1913, 392-408. Mercier, L. Recherches sur la spermatogenese chez Panorpa germanica, 13, Ixxv, 605-608. Reukauf, E. Der 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 wasserbar (Macrobiotus), 191, 1913, 117-122. Von Rosen, K. Die fossilen termiten: eine Icurze zusammenfassung der bis jetzt be- kannten funde, 367, ii, 318-35. Rott, F. W. Wie die libelle raubt, 456, 1913, 376-7. Wesenberg-Lund, C. Odonaten-studien, 160, vi, 155-228. Bagnall, R. S. A synopsis of the Thysanopterous family Aeolo- thripidae, 367, ii, 394-97. Ris, F. Libellulinen, Catalogue, Syste- matique et descriptif, 365, Fasc. xvi, 965-1045. Strobbe, R. Bei- trag: Die Trichodectiden des Berliner Museum fur Naturkunde (Mallophaga), 59, 1913, 365-383. Williams, C. B. On two new sp. of Thysanoptera from the West Indies, 186, viii, 209-215. ORTHOPTERA. Boldyrev, B. Das lebenswerben und die spermatophoren bei einigen locustodeen und gryllodeen, 19, xl, No. 6, 54 pp. Die begattung und der spermatophorenbau bei der Maulwurfsgrille (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa), 22, xlii, 592-605. Burr & Jordan. On Arixenina, a suborder of Dermaptera, 367, ii, 398- 421. Carothers, E. E. The mendelian ratio in relation to certain orthopteran chromosomes, 322, xxiv, 487-512. Ellis, M. M. Gre- garines from some Michigan O., 22, xliii, 78-84. Gerhardt, U. Copulation und spermatophoren von Grylliden und Locustiden, 89, xxxv, 415-532. Meissner, O. Einige bemerkungen ueber Dia- pheromera femorata, 216, xxvii, 179. Nowlin, N. Cytological studies of femur-rubrum and other Melanopli, 164, vi, 397-405. Regen, J. Ueber die anlockung des weibchens von Gryllus cam- pestris durch telephonisch uebertragene stridulationslaute des mannchens. Haben die antennen fur die alternierende stridulation von Thamnotrizon apterus male eine bedeutung? 397, civ, 193-200, 245-50. Schmidt, P. Phenomenes de catalepsie chez les phasmides (Russian), 182, xiii, 44-60. Turner, C. H. Behavior of the com- mon roach (Periplaneta orientals) on an open maze, 198, xxv, 348-365. HEMIPTERA. Horvath, G. Etude morphologique sur la con- struction de 1'elytre des Cicadides, 367, ii, 422-32. Jordan, K. On viviparity in Polyctenidae, 367, ii, 342-50. Marchal, P. Contribu- tion a 1'etude de la biologic des chermes, 251, xviii, 153. Stehli, G. -Was ist gummilack? 456, 1913, 456-58. Theobald, F. V. Notes on the aphids of the cultivated peas, and the allied species of Macrosiphum, 367, ii, 380-93. Reuter, O. M. Ueber "Cimex valdivianus," 38, xxxii, 237-8. LEPIDOPTERA. Bandermann, F. Ueberwinterungsversuche mit P. atalanta, 166, vii, 209. Ven Bemmelen, J. F. On the phylo- genetic significance of the wing-markings of Rhopalocera, 367, ii, 355-79. Burgeff, H. Zur biologic nordafrikanischer Zygaenen, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 216, xxvii, 170-71 (cont.). Chapman, T. A. Some experiments on the regeneration of the legs of Liparis dispar, 367, ii, 295-306. Cockerell, T. D. A. L. breeding on evening primrose, 179, vi, 489. Coupin, H. Les phalenes, 79, xli, 401-2. Dixey, F. A. On the scent-patches of the Pierinae, 367, ii, 330-41. Fryer, J. C. F. Field-observations on the enemies of butterflies in Ceylon, 14, 1913, 613-19. Joan, T. Informe sobre la falsa tina de las col- menas, 264, xvi, 276-78. Klaue, W. Ueber die behandlung der cocons von "Telea polyphemus," 40, xxx, 117-18. Kohec, S. Nochmals ueber die unabhangigkeit der ausbildung sekundarer geschlechtscharaktere von den Gonaden bei L., 22, xliii, 65-74. Maskew, F. The gumworm of the grape (Sciopteron regale), 368, ii, 677-79. Pasternak, F. Einige beobachtungen ueber das sinnesleben mancher insekten, 40, xxx, 115-16. Rogers, K. St. A. Mimicry in the two sexes of an East African Lycaenid, 367, ii, 220. Stehli, G. Gesellig lebende seidenwurmer, 456, 1913, 425-27. Swynnerton, C. F. M. Pellets ejected by insect-eating birds after a meal of butterflies, 367, ii, 351-54. Tanaka, Y. Preliminary note on the bright spots of the Antheraean larvae, 22, xliii, 36-40. White, A. G. H. Notes on a caterpillar, 18, 1913, 106-108. Bethune-Baker, G. T. Further note on Dr. Verity's Linnean suggestions, 21, 1913, 272-3. Busck, A. Seven new micro L. from Mexico, 420, i, 140-43. Dalla Torre, K. W. Zur bibliographic und nomenklatur der Psychiden, 369, ii, 328-9. Dyar, H. G. A new Pyralid from Newfoundland, 420, i, 139. Fassl, A. H. Die Agrias- formen Boliviens, 84, xxx, 121-23. Fernald, C. H. The Pterophori- dae of No. America (Spec. Bui. Hatch Exper. Sta., Mass.), 1898, 81 pp. Fernald, C. H. The genera of the Tortricidae and their types (Amherst, Mass., Press of Carpenter & Morehouse, 1908), 67 pp. Hampson, G. F. Descriptions of new gen. and sps. of Noctuidae, 11, xii, 580-601. Niepelt, W. Eine neue Agrias-form (from Peru). Neue tagfalter von Peru, 166, vii, 202,211. Schaus, W. New species of Rhopalocera from Costa Rica, 14, 1913, 339-367. Seitz, A. Die grossschmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Am. Lief. 54, 425-432. Verity, R- Revision dei tipi Linneani dei Ropaloceri Palaeartici, 69, xliv, 200-9. DIPTERA. Bridges, C. B. Non-disjunction of the sex chro- mosomes of Drosophila, 184, xv, 587-606. Burrill, A. C. Notes on Lake Michigan swarms of Chironomids; quantitative notes on spring insects, 123, xi, 52-69. Cragg, F. W. The comparative anatomy of the proboscis in the blood-sucking Muscidae, 327, No. 60, 56 pp. Felt, E. P. Adaptation in the gall midges. 4, 1913, 371- 379. Forbes, S. A. The simulium-pellagra problem in Illinois, 367, ii, 477-85. Grunberg, K. Allerhand unerfreuliches von der 8O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 stubenfliege, 456, 1913, 348-350 (cont.). Hansel, S. Die histoge- nese der flugmuskulatur der dipteren. Nach beobachtungen an Pachygaster meromelas, 89, xxxvi, 465-512. Krober, O. Flugel- abnormitaten der dipteren familien Therevidae und Omphralidae, 92, ix, 329-333. Merle, R. La fievre jaune, 79, 1913, 40-42. Austen, E. E. D. from the Falkland Islands, with descriptions of a new gen. and sp., 11, xii, 498-504. Bezzi, M. Blefaroceridi Italiani con descrizione di una nuova forme e di due specie eso- tiche, 69, xliv. 3-114. Bottcher, G. Eine revision der typen "Ron- danis" zum genus "Sarcophaga," 69, xliv, 171-199. Brues, C. T. The geographical distribution of the stable fly, Stomoxys calci- trans, 179, vi, 459-477. Felt, E. P. Arthrocnodax Carolina n. sp., 179, vi, 488-9. Hendel, F. Neue Drosophiliden aus Sudamerika und Neuguinea, 369, ii, 386-90. Knab, F. A new American Phle- botomus, 420, i, 135-37. Malloch, J. R. A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of n. gen. and sp. The genera of Botanobia with hind tibial spur, 50, xlvi, 127-154: 239-266. Met- calf, C. L. The Syrphidae of Ohio. A biologic, economic and systematic study of the family in the state, 460, xvii, No. 31, 122 pp. Townsend, C. H. T. New muscoid flies, mainly Hysticiidae and Pyrrhosiinae from the Andean Montanya, 420, i, 144-48. COLEOPTERA. Brocher, F. Etude anatomique et phv=iolo- gique du systeme respiratoire chez les larves du genre Dyticus, 239, vi, 120-147. Caroenter, G. H. The presence of maxillulae in beetle larvae, 367, ii, 208-15. Casper, A. Die korperdecke und die drusen von Dytiscus marginalis. 97, cvii. 387-508. Essig. E. O. -The western twig borer (Amphicerus ptmctipennis), 368, ii, 681- 84. Hopkins, A. D. Parallelism in morphological characters.... in scolytoid beetles, 161, xxvi. 209-212. Horn, W. Die fortschritte des neuen coleopterorum catalogus von Junk-Schenkling, 367. ii. 192-97. Krizenecky, J. Ueber die entstehuner der "unblutisren missbildungen" bei den C.. 193, 1913, 270-78. Ogloblin, A. Con- tribution a la biologic des Coccinelles (Russian), 182, xiii, 27-43. Peyerimhoff, P. de. Paedogenese et neotenie chez les C.. 87, 1913. 392-95. Pic, M. Le melanisme chez divers Cryptocephalus pa- laearctiques, 367, ii, 245-47. Ruggles, A. C. Notes on a chestnut- tree insect CAgrilus bilineatus), 68, xxxviii, 852. Semichon, L. La repartition des reserves chez la larve de Melasoma populi, 87, 1913, 366. Sijasov, M. Contribution a la biologic des coprophages (Russian), 182, xiii. 113-131. Smirnov, D. Considerations stir morphologic et phylogenie des especes du genre "Phyllobius" de la groupe "glaucus" (Russian), 19, xl. No. 4. 1-150. Wilson, H. F. Notes on Podabrus pruinosus, 179, vi, 457-59. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8l Casey, T. L. Studies in the Cicindelidae and Carabidae of America. Further studies among the American Longicornia, 457, iv., 400 pp. Gounelle, E. Cerambycides nouveaux de Colom- bia, appartenant au Musee de Hambourg, 87, 1913, 386-390. Heffenger and Hopkins. A list of C. collected at Concord, Mass., 459, 1, 7-10. Heller, K. M. Ein neuer Cupedidae (S. Am.), 38, xxxii, 235-7. Horn, W. Diesjahrige Omus-funde von F. W. Nunenmacher. Nachtrag zu den diesjahrigen Omus- formen von F. W. Nunenmacher, 369, ii, 346-351, 391. Krekich, H. V. Beschreibungen neuer Anthiciden, 44, Ixiii, 129-140. Mor- ris, F. J. A. Chrysomelians of Ontario, 4, 1913, 384-392. d'Orchy- mont, A. Contribution a 1'etude des larves Hydrophilides, 239, vi, 173-214. HYMENOPTERA. Cornetz, V. Divergences d'interpretation a propos de 1'orientation chez la fourmi, 278, xxi, 795-806. Crawley & Donisthorpe. The founding of colonies by queen ants, 367, ii, 11-77. v. Graumnitz, C. Die blattschneider-ameisen Sudamerikas, 166, vii, 233. Hoffmann, F. Weiteres ueber die schwalbenwanze (Oeciacus hirundinis), 40, xxx, 116-17. Ladd-Franklin, C. A non- chromatic region in the spectrum for bees, 68, xxxviii, 850-52. MacGillivray, A. D. The immature stages of the Tenthredinoidea, 4, 1913, 367-371. Mann, W. M. (See under General.) Natzmer, G. V. Ueoer das schwarmen der ameisen, 369, ii, 373-76. Rich- ardson, C. H. Studies on the habits and development of Spalangia muscidarum, 322, xxiv, 513-558. Wheeler, W. M. Illus- trated lecture on "Ants" (Abstract), 4, 1913, 397-99. Gynandro- morphous ants described during the decade 1903-1913, 3, xlviii, 49-56. Observations on the Central American Acacia ants, 367, ii, 109-139. Beutenmuller, W. A new Nomaretus from Mount Mitchell, - N. C., 420, i, 139-40. Cushman, R. A. The Calliephialtes parasite of the codling moth, 447, i, 211-238. Kurdjumov, N. Notes on Pteromalidae, 182, xiii, 1-24. Wasmann, E. Gaste von Eciton praedator aus dem Staate Espirito Santo (Sudbrasilien), 369, ii, 376-80. FARRE, POET OF SCIENCE, by DR. C. V. LEGROS, with a preface by J. H. FABRE. Translated by Bernard Miall. The Century Company, New York. 352 pp. A number of books and articles on the life and works of this student and historian of the social insects have lately appeared. While well- known and appreciated for over half a century by his fellow-laborers in the vineyard, it is only comparatively recently that he has been discov- ered by the laity. What has happened is illustrated by his own words : "Moreover, it was not unimportant to warn the public against the errors, 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 exaggerations and legends which have collected about my person, and thus to set all things in their true light." A common fault in biographies is that they are generally too lauda- tory, and in this book the author has not neglected his opportunities in this respect. However, if it be a fault, it is one that can be readily for- given. The most interesting part of the book is the account of the life of a very modest man, who never took advantage of any untoward means of personal advancement, an enemy to all advertisement, depend- ing solely on honesty of purpose and an effort to investigate the won- ders of nature for the joy of the work and with the hope that mankind would benefit from his endeavors. The pleasure was in the work and the hope of material reward unseen and unlocked for. The title of the work illustrates another feature in such books. Au- thors are prone to look so far into the poetic and aesthetic side that they develop a pronounced myopia in relation to the necessary technical and scientific part of all natural history investigation. On the other hand the true scientist and systematist sees the poetic and aesthetic as- pect but also recognizes the absolute necessity of a scientific terminology. In fact, it is the aesthetic that starts him on the road. Our author makes Fabre appear restless as a user of the technical names of insects ; yet use them he must. He also places him as an opponent of evolution, at least in part. The lay reader of the book would suppose that all things related in the Work were the discoveries of the "Poet of Science," yet all careful students of science know that most of the important facts and discov- eries in nature and science have been cumulative and built up like con- cretions, or like the rolled snowball, that has had a push from many hands, before it reaches its final resting place. The book, however, is a most interesting one and was constructed by loving hands, in honor of a modest man who has done a noble work as a naturalist, entomologist and as a literary chronicler of our minute, but none the less mighty, lit- tle friends and enemies. HENRY SKINNER. (Advertisement.) Two BOOKS ON ANIMAL ECOLOGY. ANIMAL COMMUNITIES IN TEMPERATE AMERICA, AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE CHICAGO REGION. A Study in Animal Ecology, by VICTOR E. SHEL- FORD, PH.D., of the Department of Zoology, Th University of Chicago. Published for ihe Geographic Society of Chicago by the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1913, 8vo., pp. xiii, 362. More than 300 figures, maps and diagrams. Price $3.00 net, postpaid $3-22. GUIDE TO THE STUDY OE ANIMAL ECOLOGY, by CHAKI.KS C. ADAMS, PH.D., Associate in Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, Univer- sity of Illinois, New York, The Macmillan Co., 1913, 12 mo., pp. xii. 183. 7 figures. Price $1.25. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 The organization of the data for his book, Dr. Shelford tells us, "is the result of many attempts and failures which at times made the task seem hopeless," but as "here presented has in the main grown out of three lines of thought: (a) The physiology of organisms as opposed to the physiology of organs; (b} the phenomena of behavior, as illus- trated by the studies of Loeb, much of the data of which can be related to natural environments; and (r) the organized comparable data of plant ecology, as set forth by Cowles and Warming" (pp. v, vi). "The definition of ecology, like that of any growing science, is a thing to be modified as the science itself is modified, crystallized and limited. At present, ecology is that branch of general physiology which deals with the organism as a whole, with its general life processes as distin- guished from the more special physiology of organs, and which also considers the organism with particular reference to its usual environ- ment" (p. i). The point of view of the ecologist is illustrated by a concrete example on page 314. The topics discussed, as worded in the chapter headings, are : Man and Animals, the Animal Organism and its Environmental Relations, The Animal environment, Its General Nature and Its Character in the Area of Study, Conditions of Existence of Aquatic Animals, Animal Communities of Large Lakes (Lake Michigan), of Streams, of Small Lakes, of Ponds, Conditions of Existence of Land Animals, Animal Communities of the Tension Lines Between Land and Water, of Swamp and Flood-Plain Forests, of Dry and Mesophytic Forests, of Thickets and Forest Margins, of Prairies ; and a General Discussion. An Appendix suggests Methods of Study, in which emphasis is laid on the prime importance of experiments in the field, and some description of the apparatus used by the author in this new line of work is given (p. 322). A bibliography of 214 titles, almost exclusively in English (cf. p. v), and two indexes of authors and collaborators and of sub- jects, complete the book. The treatment of the chapter topics, while not identical throughout, is sufficiently similar to be illustrated by a single chapter, for example, that on Animal Communities of Ponds. A brief introduction recalls the causes of the general interest in pond animals and the differences in pond bottoms. The origin and physical characteristics of the ponds in the area of special study are summarized. The communities of ponds are classified and discussed as the Pelagic and Pioneer (or Terrigenous Bottom) Formations and the Submerged Vegetation and Emerging Vegetation Associations. The order of these four is that of the changes which ponds in gen- eral undergo, that of transformation from open water areas to swamps and eventually to dry land. The animals comprising each one of these ecological groups are, to a great extent, different and hence give each one a particular facies. The "characters" and "tendencies" of each 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 group are usually stated. Thus the characters of the Submerged Vege- tation Association are "in being distinctly aquatic and also essentially independent of the bare bottom and of the surface," but "strictly de- pendent upon the vegetation for nesting places, shelter, etc. The mud minnow has been studied experimentally and shows avoidance of light." The tendencies of this same association are toward change : "This association, like all the others, is destined not to last ; changes are taking place all the time. The chara is filling the pond at the rate of one inch a year and is making a fine soil for roots of other plants. As soon as the dense chara stage has existed for a time we find other plants, such as Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, and water lilies. As soon as these have become established we have the commencement of the next association." Finally, the succession of animal life in the same pond and the fate of the pond itself is considered and illustrated with tables showing the occurrences of species in ponds of different ages. The terms "formation," "association" have here a technical ecologi- cal significance and, just as there is a well-known series of taxonomic groups of increasing magnitude (species, genus, family, order, class, phylum), so there is employed in this book a series of ecological groups, also of increasing magnitude (mos or mores, consocies, stratum, association, formation, extensive formation) which, with the exception of the first, bear not "the slightest relation" to the taxonomic groups. They are defined on pages 37 and 38 but, we suspect, with no greater exactness than has attended attempts at definition of the taxonomic groups. As may be seen from the resume of the Pond chapter, change in nature is emphasized throughout, the phenomena are dynamic, not static. Ecological succession is often met in different parts of the book, especially on pages 110-124. An interesting discussion is that of the efforts of ecologists, geog- raphers and climatologists to find a method of measuring the environ- ment of organisms which shall include a number of the most important environmental factors. Dr. Shelford concludes that "the evaporating power of the air is probably the best index of environmental condi- tions of land animals" (p. 164). The author is best known to entomologists by his excellent work on tiger beetles, but these are by no means the only insects employed in characterizing ecological groups. The Index of Subjects is so ar- ranged that one can quickly ascertain what members of a given group are mentioned in the book. Thus under "Flies or diptera" are refer- ences to fifty-one names of families and genera, alphabetically ar- ranged. Almost all of the orders of insects, some of the Arachnids and some Myriopods are represented, so that the book contains much of interest to the entomologist. Owing to the numerous species cited and figured, the book is one Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 which would be willingly carried on field trips and excursions, if it were not so heavy. It has 362 plus xiii pages, g l /2x6 J /2 inches, and weighs 42 ounces. It is too heavy to read without a support, and too large and too heavy to go into any ordinary pocket. Much of its weight is due to the sized paper used throughout the volume for the sake of the half tones. When will all concerned in the manufacture of books see the absurdity and foolishness of this practice and, instead, give us a light weight paper for the text and limit the use of the heavy sort to inter- spersed plates to which the half tones shall be confined? The entomologist will not find many data relating to his subject matter in Dr. Adams' book, but he will find many suggestions as to the kinds of work that is worth doing and as to the ways in which it may be done. Dr. Shelford's book is a contribution to the data of ecology and their organization. Dr. Adams is concerned with showing and de- veloping (the ecological "point of view, the importance of an under- standing of explanatory processes and of the methods of scientific in- vestigation. * * * At present ecology is a science with its facts out of all proportion to their organization or integration. There is thus an immediate need of integration and this above all requires a clear conception of the scientific method as a tool and independent thinking as well." How different Dr. Adams' book is from Dr. Shelford's may be seen from the following list of chapter headings : I. Aim, Content and Point of View. II. The Value and Method of Ecological Surveys. III. Field Study. IV. The Collection, Preservation and Determination of Specimens. V. References to Scientific Technique. VI. References to Important Sources of Information on the Life Histories and Habits of Insects and Allied Invertebrates. VII. The Laws of Environmental Change or the "Orderly Sequence of External Nature." (The dy- namic or process relations of the environment). VIII. The Laws of Orderly Sequence of Metabolism, Growth, Development, Physiological Conditions and Behavior, or "The Living Organism and the Changes which Take Place in It." (The dynamic or process relations of the animal). IX. The Continuous Process of Adjustment between the Environment and the Animal, with Special Reference to other Organ- isms. (The dynamic or process relations of animal associations and aggregations). Special features of the book are the quotations from eminent biologi- cal writers, placed at the heads of chapters or of sections, indicating the value, importance or method of ecological inquiries, and the bibli- ographies. Indeed from page 84 (that is six pages from the beginning of chapter VII) to page 149 the book is almost entirely bibliography. It is thus, as the author hopes in the preface, "a useful source book." "Particular attention is called to the fact that it is not to be assumed 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 that the various authors [cited in the bibliographies] strive to make the points to which attention is here called ; they may or may not do so. My aim is to call attention to the utility of the publications from the standpoint advocated throughout the book" (p. 84). The entomologist will note, from the preceding list of chapter headings, the utility to him of the references in chapter VI, but he should not fail to look through the other chapters as well. Dr. Adams considers that there are three branches of ecology, indi- vidual, aggregate, and associational. The first deals with the ecology of a given individual or kind of animal, the second with the ecology of "hereditary or taxonomic units, as in a family community, or in genera, families, orders," etc. The third is devoted to "animals which are grouped or associated in the same habitats and environments. In this case the associates in a given association and habitat are consid- ered as a unit, whose activities and interrelations and responses are investigated in the same manner as if it were a single animal" (pp. 3-5). It is associational ecology which Dr. Adams is anxious to advance and with which Dr. Shelford's book is concerned. "Applied or economic zoology and entomology are fundamentally more closely related to as- sociational ecology than to any other phase of zoology, and * * * it would be to the great advantage of the students of such problems if they clearly understood this relation" (Adams, p. 29). We heartily commend the same author when, in chapter II he says of non-ecological surveys, "The environment is considered as static, and not as a changing medium ; it has no past or future, it has merely horizontal extension. The problem as to its dynamic status, whether in a condition of stress, in the process of adjustment, or in relative equilibrium, is not raised, or if it should be, it could not be handled. The student eager for new and little known species is not the one to study such relations, at least, as a rule, this has not been his practice. So long as the success of a day's work is measured by the length of the list of novelties secured, rather than by the quality and quantity of ecological relations discovered, such students and surveys will not contribute greatly to our knowledge of the economy of nature in the regions surveyed" (p. 31). And again, in the chapter on Field Study: "Early in field work one should learn that the collection of specimens is not the primary aim of excursions, that specimens are only one kind of facts, but that field study should be devoted to the accumulation of specimens, and to observations on the habits, activities, interrelations, and responses of animals, as well as to all facts, inferences, and suggestions, which are likely to be of use in the interpretation of the problems studied" (p. 41). The book concludes with two very full indexes of subjects and of authors' names. (Advertisement.) P. P. C. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. VOLUME II. TRANSACTIONS, of this Congress, held at Oxford in August, 1912, has appeared. It is edited by K. Jordan and H. Eltring- ham and is dated Oxford, October I4th, 1913. Printed by Hazell, Wat- son & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. It is large octavo and con- sists of 489 pages and Plates III to XXXIV, all in black and white. There are thirty-eight papers by as many authors, titles of which were given in the NEWS for October, 1912. As it corresponds in size and contents to Vol. II, Memoires, of the First Congress, it seems a pity that the same name was not used for the present issue instead of "Transactions." C. PICADO. LES BROMELIACEES EPIPHYTES CONSIDEREES COM ME MILIEU EIOLOGIQUE. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, /e Serie T. XLVII, fasc. 3, pp. 215-360, pis. VI-XXIV, 54 text figs. Paris, 21 Oct., 1913. Previous writings on the biology and the fauna of the epiphytic Bromeliaceae can be divided into three categories, says Senor Picado : A. Those which have for their object the bromelicolous* animals inde- pendently of the conditions of the medium ; B. Those which bear on the biology of the Bromeliaceae ; C. Those on the relations between the Bromeliaceae and their fauna. It is in this third class that his own interesting and excellent memoir belongs. After a historical sketch (chapter I) of previous researches on the general subject, the biology of the epiphytic Bromeliaceae (chapter II) is considered with special reference to his observations on those of his native country, Costa Rica, whose government granted a subvention for this work. The climatic conditions favorable to 'the growth of these plants, some features of their structure, macroscopic and microscopic, with a resume of the work of Schimper and of Tietze (1906) on their physiology, lead up to fuller statements of the author's researches on the phenomena of nutrition in these plants than have heretofore appeared in the Comptes Rendus (1912) of the Paris Academy. His results may be briefly summarized that a gum secreted by the plant digests starches and albuminoids and the products of the digestion are absorbed by the leaves, whereby putrefaction in the water held between the leaf bases is avoided. In chapter III a bromeliad is regarded as composed of a central water-containing aquarium, divided into as many compartments as there are living leaves, and a peripheral more or less continuous tcr- rarium, enclosed by the outer older dead or dying leaves, wherein is found no water but a cellulose mud due to the gradual breaking down of leaf fragments. These two zones of unlike character, the perman- *In the NEWS and elsewhere we have used the adjective bromeliadi- colous, while Senor Picado has employed the shorter form as above. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 encef of water in the aquarium, its darkness, etc., lead to a number of highly interesting differences in the animals which inhabit even the same plant. The origin and dissemination of the brorhelicolous fauna is dis- cussed and comparisons made with the biology and fauna of other "Reservoir Plants." Chapter IV is more technical and is composed of descriptions of larval and adult stages of a few Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and an earth worm from Costa Rican Bromeliaceae. The brief chapter V is a summary of twenty "Conclusions." There is a bibli- ography of three pages, while an Appendix (pp. 333-360) lists all the bromelicolous animals from Rotifers to Batrachians known to the au- thor. Previous to his own researches about one hundred such species were known; he has brought the total up to about 250, of which forty- nine were new. The work is highly valuable and well worth reading, even by those who have not the opportunity to work with these plants, on account of its suggestiveness. (The name Odontomachus on page 273 should be replaced by Ap- terosttigma; cf. p. 348, where also the source of its fungous nourish- ment is more fully stated). P. P. C. Doings of Societies. FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL. Meeting of September i7th, 1913, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia. Ten members were present. J. C. Brad- ley, of Ithaca, N. Y., visitor. President Haimbach in the chair. Dr. Castle said he had gotten a few good things in Maryland and near Harrisburg, Pa., but on the whole collecting was very poor. Mr. Daecke exhibited a rare mosquito, Cnliseta inornatus Will., from Rockville, Pennsylvania, 111-30-13. Also Brachyopa notata O. S. (Dip.), Harrisburg, Pa., IV-24-I3, which had been recorded from Washington, Oregon, Quebec, Alaska and moun- tains of New Hampshire, the latter being the most southern locality. He said that Oncodes dispar Macq., a little yellow fly, breeds on spiders ; Champlin had found a mud wasp nest in a stump at Harrisburg, VIII-2O-I3, and upon breaking it open found six specimens of this fly inside. The wasp had most fSenor Picado speaks (pp. 236, 255) of the epiphytic bromeliads con- stantly retaining water, but in some situations, as on isolated trees or on the trees of the cerclos, or hedges, near Cartago, Costa Rica, we have seen them dry. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 likely carried the spider to its nest after the fly had laid its eggs upon it and when they hatched the flies had eaten the con- tents of the nest and Mr. Champlin had broken it open at the psychological moment, as they were all in good condition. Mr. Harbeck reported catching Cicindela rugifrons Dej. on a sandy path near railroad track at Manahawkin, New Jersey, IX-i. Said his nephew had taken him to a park on an island near Trenton and he had caught C. marginipennis Dej. along the shore about August loth. Exhibited a specimen of Chloromyia from Woernersville, Pennsylvania, VIII-4-I3, with abnormal center legs these are twice as long as the others. A species of this genus is figured in Williston's Manual. Mr. George M. Greene recorded seeing a male Pelecinus \poly- turator Dru. (Hym.) and capturing a Scaphinotus elevatus Fabr. (Col.) at Great Falls, Virginia, VIII-6-I3. Also Cicindela rufiventris Dej. as common on Barren Hill at East Falls Church, Virginia, VIII-4-I3. Mr. Kaeber exhibited a small' specimen of Goes tigrina De G. (Col.) from Philadelphia Neck, VI-2I on oak and Trichodes nuttalli Kirby, Red Bank, New Jersey. In discussing the former Mr. Wenzel said he had been collecting it for years in southern Philadelphia and nearby Delaware County, and had always found it on isolated trees which also contained other species of Coleoptera. He showed a very bright yellow form of Chelymorpha argns Licht. from Delaware County, VII- 12 (both sexes). When first caught he placed them in cyanide and they quickly discolored, becoming almost black. Then he caught more specimens which he killed in wood alcohol and afterward placed in ammonia; these specimens retained their color. Mr. Wenzel, Jr., said collecting was very good this year up to July. Mr. Haimbach recorded the capture this year of many Noto- dontids, including Apatelodes torrcfacta S. & A., A. angelica Grt., a very light form of torrefacta (undescribed) and ten species of Datana. Adjourned to the annex. QO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 Meeting of October I5th, 1913, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia. Fifteen members present, President Haimbach in the chair. Mr. Wenzel exhibited three boxes of Cerambycidae (Moni- letna Goes, etc.) from which only four known species were missing. Mr. George M. Greene recorded a species of Diptera which is not in the New Jersey list : Syrphus fisheri Walton, from Riverton VII-o,-io, collected by C. T. Greene. He also stated that he had acquired the Godfrey collection of North Ameri- can Coleoptera (approximating ten thousand specimens) by gift. Mr. Daecke said that on July iQth, 1912, Mr. H. L. Adams had pulled off a piece of hemlock bark ("about the size of your hand") at West Lenox, Pennsylvania, beneath which he found a specimen of Scaphinotus vidwis Dej., two of Leptura cana- densis Fabr. and two Iphthimus opacus LeC. (Col.). Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of Chrysophanus thoe Bd.- LeC. (Lep.) male and female, that he captured July 29, 1913, on the meadows in Philadelphia Neck, and stated that to the best of his knowledge, this butterfly had never been captured before in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Mr. Wenzel said that they have been filling up the low ground, where Mr. Laurent had caught this species, with soil from along the river and other places and that no doubt many seeds had been transplanted in this manner, and he knew of many plants growing there now which were unknown a few years ago. He reported Lema trilineata Oliv. (Col.) as com- mon in that locality both this year and last on the "jimson weed." Mr. Hoyer exhibited a box of Coleoptera collected by boys on a camping trip on Valcour Island, New York, this year. Stated that this island is about a mile from shore in Lake Champlain, opposite the town of Valcour, Clinton County. This contained many interesting and rare species. Mr. Harbeck recorded a species of Ophyra (Dip.) collected Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 91 by Mr. Hornig in Philadelphia Neck, IX-24-I3, about the pig- geries. He believes this to be a species new to this locality. Adjourned to the annex. Meeting of November iQth, 1913, at the home of H. A. Wenzel, 4247 Ogden Street, Philadelphia. Eleven members were present, President Haimbach in the chair. Mr. George M. Greene exhibited an odd pair of pinning for- ceps invented by Mr. Godfrey, which could not be patented owing to an infringement. These forceps did not seem to be much in favor with the members. Mr. Laurent exhibited a female Pamphila campestris Bdv. (Lep.) that he had captured July 3ist on the high meadows in Philadelphia Neck. The speaker stated that, to the best of his knowledge, this was the second record for this butterfly in the vicinity of Philadelphia ; the first record was a specimen, or specimens, captured at Cobb's Creek, Pennsylvania, some twenty odd years ago by Eugene M. Aaron. Mr. Haimbach said he had taken this species here. Mr. Daecke exhibited two specimens of the moth Haploa Iccontei var. dyari Merrick, from Rockville, Pennsylvania, VI-29. Also five specimens of Tabanns, which at a casual glance might be taken for one species, but when relaxed the maculations of the eyes are so distinct as to show them to be all different. Mr. Kaeber said that since recording Trichodes nnttalli Kirby (Col.) from Red Bank, New Jersey, at the September meet- ing he had found another specimen with his unmounted ma- terial from the same locality VI 1-4-08. Mr. Harbeck said some papers containing tables and de- scriptions for separating species are very unsatisfactory, but, to prove this is not the case with all, cited the recent paper on \cnrujona by Van I )uzee. After working out the species IK- had, to his own satisfaction, sent them (upon request) to Mr. Van Duzee, who verified all the identifications as correct. Adjourned to the annex. GEORGE M. GREENE, Secretary. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 THE CONVOCATION WEEK MEETINGS. Entomological papers were presented to the American As- sociation of Economic Entomologists, the Entomological Soci- ety of America, Section K (Physiology and Experimental Medicine) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Phytopathological Society, meet- ing in affiliation at Atlanta, Georgia, December 29, 1913, to January 3, 1914, and to the American Society of Zoologists meeting at Philadelphia December 29 to January I. The fol- lowing list gives their titles and authors, although in a number of cases they were read by title only. Those unmarked are from the program of the Economic Entomologists, those star- red (*) from the Entomological Society of America, others are followed by an abbreviation of the respective society's name. At Atlanta the entomological hosts were the State Ento- mologist, Mr. E. L. Worsham, and members of his staff, Messrs. Chase, Lewis and Spooner, who tendered the visitors a smoker on the evening of January I and in many ways added to the enjoyment of the sojourn in the southern city. The meetings were certainly a success in attendance and in the in- terest evoked by the papers read. GENERAL SUBJECTS. J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Cornell University. Collecting insects in the Okefenoke swamp.* PHILIP P. CALVERT. University of Pennsylvania. The desirability of a bibliographical dictionary of entomologists.* The fauna of epiphytic bromeliads in Costa Rica.* E. P. FELT, State Entomologist of New York. Gall In- sects, The Annual Public Address.* H. T. FERNALD, Massachusetts Agricultural College. Notes on some old -.European collections.* L. O. HOWARD, Washington, D. C. The Education of the Entomologists in the Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. W. C. O'KANE, Durham, N. H. Further Experience with an Insectary. (Some difficulties experienced, changes made, cost.) GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY. A. D. MAcGa- LIVRAY, University of Illinois. The structure of the thorax in general- ized insects.* J. A. NELSON, Bureau of Entomology. A pair of Tracheal Imaginations on the Second Maxillary Segment of the Em- bryo of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) W. A. RILEY, Cornell University. Some sources of error in the interpretation of insect Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 tissue.* F. PAYNE, Indiana University. Chromosomal Variations in the European Earwig, Forficula auricularia. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY. W. M. BARROWS, Ohio State Uni- versity. The icactions of the Orb-weaving Spider, Aranea cavatica, to Rhythmic Vibrations of the Web. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) NORMAN EUGENE MC!NDOO, Bureau of Entomology, The Olfactory Sense of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) E. F. PHILLIPS and GEORGE S. DEMUTH, Bureau of Entomology, The reaction of the Honey Bee to Changes of External Temperature. Instruments (Thermo-Electric Outfit) (Special Scale), used in work on Behavior of the Honey Bee. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) L. M. PEAIRS, Morgantown, W. Va. The Relation of Temperature to Insect Development. V. E. SHELFORD, Uni- versity of Chicago, The Experimental Modifications of Tiger Beetle Color Patterns by Variation of Temperature and Moisture During Ontogeny. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) GENETICS. JOHN H. GEROULD, Hanover College, A Male Gyn- andromorph of Colias (Eurymus) eurytheme Showing Dimorphism in the Female Color Pattern. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) ROBERT K. NABOURS, Kansas State Agricultural College, Inheritance in Orthop- tera. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) F. H. MOSHER, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Relation of the Number of Larval Stages to the Development of Male and Female Gipsy Moths. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO PLANTS. P. J. PARROTT, Geneva, N. Y., The Growth and Organization of Applied Entomology in the Uni- ted States. Annual address of the President. F. L. WASHBURN, St. Anthony Park, Minn. Today's Work in Applied Entomology, (A review of recent work in economic entomology). W. E. HINDS, Auburn, Ala., County Organization in the Boll Weevil Campaign, (In- formation concerning organization of county agricultural advisory committees, co-ordinating and promoting all movements for rural bet- terment and bringing merchants and farmers, et al., into helpful co- operation). LEONARD HASEMAN, Columbia, Mo., Entomological Work in Missouri, (A brief discussion of the work which the Department of Entomology is now doing and our plans for extending the work in the future). GEORGE A. DEAN, Manhattan, Kans., Grasshopper Control Work in Western Kansas, (A brief review of the Grasshopper situation during the last three years. The serious outbreak of the summer of 1913. The organization for a systematic fight. The distri- bution of 1875 tons of poisoned bran mash. The result of the cam- paign). Z. P. METCALF, Raleigh, N. C., Report of Field Work on the South Corn Bill Bug, Sphenophorus callosus. A. F. BURGESS, Mel- rose Highlands, Mass., The Present Organization and Methods used by the Bureau of Entomology on the Gipsy Moth Work. WILMON 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 NEWELL. College Station, Texas, A Simple and Economical Method of Filing Entomological Correspondence, (Ordinary pasteboard letter files are used for filing and the correspondence handled by subjects in such a manner as to eliminate the use of filing cabinets, index cards, folders, and transfer cases. The file is self-indexing and has been found practical and efficient in handling correspondence for the past four years). M. A. YOTHERS, Pullman, Wash., Some New Insects of Economic Importance in the State of Washington, (A brief dis- cussion of the occurrence of new species of "Weevils" found in de- structive numbers on fruit trees in the arid regions of the State). A. E. STENE, Kingston, R. I.. Some Notes on the Box Leaf Miner, (Notes on the appearance of this insect in Rhode Island. Its present distribution and observations on its life history and methods of con- trol). R. A. COOLEY, Bozeman, Mont., Notes on two new Pests of the Currant and Gooseberry, (Notes on the life history, economic im- portance and means of controlling a weevil, injuring fruit of the currant and a species of thrips injuring the foliage of the currant and gooseberry). A. L. MELANDER, Pullman, Washington, Can Insects become Immune to Spraying? E. P. FELT, Albany. N. Y., The Reac- tion of Sugar Maples to Miscible Oils, Notes on Forest Insects. W. H. GOODWIN, Wooster, Ohio, Some Factors Affecting Results in the Use of High Temperature for the Control of Insects Injuring Cereal Products. H. T. FERNALD, Amherst, Mass., Control of the Onion Thrips and Onion Maggot. C. R. CROSBY, Ithaca, N. Y., Experiments Against the Tarnished Plant Bug as an Enemy of Peach Nursery Stock. GLENN W. HERRICK, Ithaca, N. Y., Further Data on the Con- trol of the Fruit Tree Leaf Roller, Oviposition of two Apple Pests. \Y. E. HINDS, Auburn, Ala., Reducing Insect Injuries on Stored Corn, (Outlining factors predisposing to injury, extent of injury, methods of preventing and reducing it). GEo. G. AINSLIE, Nashville, Tenn., The Western Corn Root Worm in the South. C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, Thrips Attacking Oats. L. O. HOWARD, United States Entomologist, Note on the present status of the Gipsy Moth parasites in New England.* J. A. HYSLOP, Washington, D. C., Soil Fumiga- tion for Subterranean Insects. R. A. STUDHALTER, Insects as Carriers of the Chestnut Blight Fungus, (Amer. Phytop. Soc.) E. R. SASSCER, Washington, D. C., Notes on Entomological Inspection in the District of Columbia. D. M. ROGERS, Boston, Mass., The Gipsy Moth and Brown-Tail Moth Quarantine in New England. W. D. HUNTER, Wash- ington, D. C., The Control of the Boll Weevil by Quarantine. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO MAN. CHARLES T. BRUES, Forest Hills, Boston. Mass., Observations on Insect Borne Diseases in Ecua- dor and Peru. T. J. HEADLEE, New Brunswick, N. J., Anti-Mosquito Work in New Jersey. W. E. BRITTON, New Haven, Conn., A Remark- Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 able Outbreak of Culex pipiens Linn. (Species appearing in West River, New Haven, Conn., where fish had been killed.) C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, Further Observations on the Breeding Habits of the House Fly and its control. A. W. MORRILL, Phoenix, Ariz. Experiments with House Fly Baits and Poisons. (Tests of the various fly trap baits and poisons used for house flies to determine their relative attractiveness and effectiveness.) A. H. JENNINGS, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., The Entomologi- cal Aspects of the Pellagra Investigation of the Thompson, McFadden Commission. (Section K, A. A. A. S.) H. F. PERKINS, University of Vermont, The Fly, Oestrus Ovis, Parasitic in Man. (Amer. Soc. Zool.) BENEFICIAL INSECTS. LEONARD HASEMAN, Columbia, Mo.. Beekeeping and Apiary Inspection in Missouri, (A brief report of the work of the State Apiary Inspector and the work which the Department of Entomology has undertaken.) The reading of papers was followed by a discussion of Apiary Inspection in the United States. Subject: The Relation of the Inspection of Apiaries to other Factors for the Education of the Beekeeper. J. W. McCoLLOCH, Manhattan, Kans., Notes on the Life History, Distribu- n'on and Efficiency of the Egg Parasite of the Chinch Bug. (This paper dealt with the length of the life cycle, number of broods, habits, distribution in Kansas, and percentage of parasitism at various times during the summer.) H. E. HODGKISS and P. J. PARROTT, Geneva, N. Y., The Parasites of the San Jose Scale in New York, Species and Distribution. OTTO H. SWEZEY, Honolulu, Hawaii, Notes on Parasites in the Hawaiian Islands. WILLIAM MOORE, University of Minnesota. A comparison of the enemies of Toxoptera graminium in South Africa and the United States.* ORTHOPTERA. P. J. PARROTT, New York Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Studies on the Snowy Tree-cricket, Qecanthns niveus, with references to apple bark diseases.* E. L. WORSHAM, State Entomologist of Georgia. Some notes regarding the natural history of the mole cricket.* PLATYPTERA. NEUROPTERA. ODONATA. J. S. HOUSER, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Comventzia hageni Banks, life- history notes and variations in wing venation.* J. T. LI.OYD, Cor- nell University, The structure of the hind intestine of Corydalis* See also Coleoptera. HEMTPTERA, THYSANOPTERA. HERBERT OSBORN. Ohio State University, Studies on the geographical distribution of leaf-hoppers, especially of Maine.* The box elder bug in Ohio. R. W. LEIBY, Cornell LTniversity, Notes on the external anatomy of some Penta- tomidae.* R. D. WHITMARSH, Wooster, Ohio, The Life History of the Green Soldier Bug, \ r ezara hilaris. ALVAH PETERSON, University of Illinois, Notes on the head structures of Thysanoptera.* 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '14 COLEOPTERA. A. F. CONRADI, Clemson College, A little known wire-worm, Horistonotus uhleri* ROBERT MATHESON, Cornell Uni- versity, Life-history notes on Psephenus lecontei and Hydroporus sep- tentrionalis* C. L. METCALF, Raleigh, N. C., The Egg Laying Habits of the Pecan Twig Girdler, Oncidercs cingulatus Say. V. E. SHEL- FORD, LTniversity of Chicago. The elytral tracheation of the sub- families and genera of Cicindelidae.* The sequence of color changes during ontogeny in Cicindela* E. L. WORSHAM and J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Office State Entomologist of Georgia, Exhibit of Collections of Coleoptera and Odonata from Georgia belonging to Georgia State Board of Entomology.* LEPIDOPTERA. L. S. BARBER, Cornell University, The biology of Gclcchia gallaesolidaginis with some reference to some of its para- sites.* STANLEY B. FRACKER, University of Illinois, New characters in the classification of microlepidopterous larvae.* ARTHUR GIBSON, Ottawa, Canada, A New Destructive Cutworm of the Genus Porosa- grotis Occurring in Western Canada. (Preliminary note on the oc- currence and destructive nature of a new enemy of Cereals.) H. A. GOSSARD, Wooster, O., The Lesser Peach Borer, Sesia pictipes, (Life history studies in the Lake Erie fruit belt.) CORNELIA F. KEPHART, Cornell University, The poison glands of Euproctis chrysorroea Linn.* EDNA MOSHER, University of Illinois, Some interesting structures in the pupae of the Lepidoptera.* F. B. PADDOCK, College Station, Texas, Life History of the Bee Moth or Wax Worm, (A brief review of the life history of this insect as established by experimental work at Col- lege Station, Texas. There are in this latitude three generations. Carbon bisulfide has been found to be effective in the control of this pest.) N. L. PATRIDGE, University of Illinois, The tracheation of the anal area of the wings of the Lepidoptera and the homology of the veins.* DIPTERA. LEONARD HASEMAN, University of Missouri, The life- history of a species of Psychodidae.* C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada, The Occurrence of the Warble Fly, Hypoderma bovis, in Canada. PAUL S. WELCH, Kansas Agricultural College, Observations on the habits and life history of Hydromyza conflucns Loew.* JAMES ZETEK, Panama Canal Commission, The dispersal of Musca domestica* OBITUARY. DR. GEORGE WILLIAM PECKHAM, known for his work on spiders and on wasps, died January n, 1914, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We hope to present a notice of his life in a later issue. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. 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CONTENTS: Ellis New American Bees of the Genus Halictus ( Hym. ) 97 Aldrich Bibliography of Diptera 104 Vestal Notes on Habitats of Grass- hoppers at Douglas Lake, Michigan (Orth.) 105 Simms -Euptoieta claudia at Montreal (Lep.) 109 Cockerell A new Coccid from Arizona ( Hemip.) no Dr. Skinner in Cuba no Townsend Species Limits in the Ge- nus Lucilia (Dipt.) in Braun Notes on North American Ti- neina. with descriptions of new spe- cies (Lep.) 113 Emerton Recent Collections of Spi- ders in Newfoundland and Labra- dor(Aran.) 117 Brues The Bethylid Genus Mesitius in South America (Hvm.) 119 The Latest Honorary Fellow of the London Society 120 Rehn and Hebard On the Blatta aegyptiaca of Drury (Orthoptera: Blattidae) 121 Johnson Notes on Inadequate Local- ity Labels (Dipt.) 123 Dodd A new Proctotrypoid Genus from Australia ( Hym. ) 126 Banks Two new species of Pyschoda (Dipt.) 127 Technical Assistant in Malaria Investi- gations (Male) 128 Editorial On Writing History 129 An Ant Storv 129 Girault Naphthalene and Fleas (Si- phonap. ) 130 Townsend Sequelae of Human Ver- ruga Traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.) 131 Control Work Against Forest Insect Depredations in the Hetch Hetchy Watershed of the Yosemite Nat- ional Park ( Coleop. ) 132 Entomological Literature 134 Lehr Review of Seitz' Macrolepidop- tera of the World ... 138 Doings of Societies Entom. Section, Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila. (Odon., Lep., Col., Dipt., Orthop.) 141 Obituary James John Rivers 143 Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher. .. 144 New American Bees of the Genus Halictus (Hym.). By MRS. MARION DURBIN ELLIS, Boulder, Colorado. The following new species of bees belonging to the sub- genus Chloralictus Robertson were described in the zoological laboratory of the University of Colorado. The material and types are in the collection of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, except where otherwise stated. I wish to thank Prof. Cockerell for his direction in this work and for comparing some bees with types in the National Museum. Halictus zophops sp. nov. 9 Length 6.7 mm. Head and thorax dark green; abdomen black with metallic green reflections. Facial quadrangle a little longer than broad, clypeus produced for about two-thirds its length beyond the eyes. Face very closely and rather coarsely punctured above the antennae, less so on the lateral areas and supraclypeal area; clypeus mostly black, somewhat shiny, and very little punctured. Antennae entirely black. 97 9^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Pleurae opaque and punctured but without coarse sculpture. Meta- pleura with very weak cross plicae throughout its length. Mesonotum finely lineolate, the fine sharp punctures scattered in the middle but very close and crowded on either side and in front of the distinct parapsidal groove and along the posterior margins. Scutellum with a sharp, closely punctured median groove. Truncation of the meta- thorax with a salient rim, the surface with numerous weak striae radiating upward and outward from the center of the base; basal area without a rim, the edge lineolate, rounded and elevated in the middle, central plica a little stronger than those immediately on either side of it and appearing as a stem from which the others branch off at right angles, plicae at the sides strong and continued over the sides of the segment. Tegulae shiny, reddish brown, paler in front. Wings a little brownish; stigma and nervures light brown, costal nervure darker. Legs entirely black, with rich golden brown pubescence. Abdomen broad ; finely punctured throughout ; apical margin of the segments broad, finely lineolate, not paler than the rest of the segments, discs of the third to fifth segments and sides of the first and second segments with scant yellowish pubescence. Pubescence rather scant throughout, ochraceous above, paler be- neath. Habitat. Boulder, Colorado, i (type) at flowers of Pulsa- tilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, April 13, 1913 (M. D. Ellis.) This species is closely related to H. versatus Robertson and H. euryceps, as is shown by the type of the metathorax and the crowding of the punctures of the mesonotum about the parapsidal grooves. It is distinguished from both of these species by the produced clypeus and the longer face, by the metallic reflections on the abdomen and by the wholly black legs. Halictus euryceps sp. nov. 9 Length 7 mm. Head and thorax dark blue green or greenish blue, abdomen dark brown to nearly black. Head broad, face round, a little broader than long, with strong close punctures and sharp lineolation ; clypeus not produced. An- tennae entirely blackish brown. Mesonotum opaque, with fine scattered punctures, becoming crowded in the area just to either side of the parapsidal grooves and along the posterior margin, finely and sharply lineolate. Disc of the metathorax with a low, sharp rim on either side below; basal area entirely without a rim, with relatively few, simple plicae usually reaching the margin Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 on the sides, surface very finely lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, im- punctate. Wings brownish hyaline, stigma and nervures dark transparent brown. Legs black at the base, shading to dark reddish brown on the tarsi. Abdomen broad and rather blunt, almost black, the margins of the segments never lighter than the rest of the dorsal surface; the third, fourth and fifth and a triangle at the sides of the second segment cov- ered with pale grayish white hair which is faintly tinged with buff only around the anal rima. Pubescence elsewhere rather scant, white on the pleurae and some- what reddish buff on the legs. Habitat. Beulah, New Mexico, altitude 8000 feet, i (type) and nine others, the end of August; i, July 16 ; I, at flowers of Heradeum lanatum, July 24 ; 2, nesting, July 27 ; 2, on foliage of Veratrum, Aug. 3, 1902; i, Aug. 16; i, Aug. 18 (T. "D. A. Cockerell) ; 6, at flowers of Polemonium aff, coeru- leum, Aug. 18; 6, August 18, r, August 16; 2, August 24; 4, August 25, 1899; 3, August 28, 1899; and 10, (W. Porter) ; Santa Fe, New Mexico, i, at flowers of Solidago canadensis, September 20 (Cockerell) ; Dailey Canon, New Mexico, i, August 10 (W. P. & T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Green Mountain Falls, Colorado, i, August n (J. W. Frey) ; Copeland Park, i, September 6, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer) ; White Mountains, New Mexico, north fork of Rio Ruidoso, altitude 8200 feet, i, at flowers of Solidago trinervata, August 17 (Townsend) ; i, Beu- lah, New Mexico, at flowers of Frasera, July 7 (W. P. Cocker- ell). All the specimens enumerated, except the type, are to be considered cotypes. This species is very closely related to H. versatus Robertson from which it differs in the dark, not testaceous tegulae, the brownish wings, the lack of paler margins on the abdominal segments, the grayish white, not yellowish, abdominal pu- bescence, and the dark tarsi. H. versatus is a widely dis- tributed and very variable species; it is therefore not safe to say that the few plicae on the basal area of the metathorax of H. euryceps separates it from H. versatus, although these plicae are usually much more numerous in the case of //. ver- IOO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 satus. The same is also true of the larger size which is almost constant for H. euryceps. H. zophops is also closely related to H. euryceps and H. versatus, but differs from both in the produced clypeus and the faintly metallic tinge of the abdomen. Halictus jamaicae sp. nov. $ Length 4 to 4.5 mm. Head, pleurae and metathorax dark metallic green, mesonotum more brassy, sometimes with a coppery reflection ; abdomen shiny piceous. Facial quadrangle square, clypeus produced less than one half its length below the eyes; face somewhat shiny, although finely lineolate throughout and with numerous fine punctures, especially close above the antennae; lateral areas of the face with whitish pubescence; distal half of the clypeus very dark brown. Mesonotum sharply and finely lineolate ; the punctures fine and scat- tered, except in the areas just outside of the parapsidal grooves and along the posterior margin, where they are closely crowded ; median groove distinct. Entire basal area of the metathorax very distinctly lineolate; the margin elevated for only a short distance on either side of the middle; rugae weak, turning laterally on either side of the short middle ridge and continued over the side of the segment. Tegulae testaceous, impunctate. Legs dark brown to black, knees and tarsi all testaceous. Wings faintly dusky; stigma and nervures dark brown. Abdomen rather slender, the first, second and third segments a little inflated on either side, just above the broad apical margins; black with brown or sometimes faint metallic reflections, very shiny in spite of the very fine, shallow and close punctures; apical margin of each segment dark testaceous, impunctate. Pubescence scant; slightly buffy on the legs, the fifth abdominal segment, the mesonotum and the free margin of the clypeus, white on the lateral areas of the face, the cheeks and the pleurae. $ 4.5 to 5 mm. long. Quite like the female; the abdomen more slender, the apical margin of each segment narrow and distinctly con- stricted; face triangular, clypeus more produced, entirely green and evenly punctured like the lateral areas of the face, mesonotum less lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, a very little elongate and slightly pointed behind, a few weak punctures along the posterior margin, otherwise impunctate. Second submarginal cell little more than one- half as long as the third. Face and cheeks more pubescent. Habitat. Liguanea Plain, Jamaica, females i (type) and 6 cotypes, males 5 cotypes (C. T. Brues) ; 3 cotypes of the male (Mrs. C. T. Brues) ; November and December, 1911. This species is related to H. coactus Cresson by the similar- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IOT ity of the tegulae of the male ; the metathorax is rather similar in the two species and the constriction of the abdomen so pro- nounced in Cresson's species is present in the male and indi- cated in the female of the present species. H. jamaicae differs from the older species in the finer and more scattered punctures of the mesonotum and in the dark brown, not honey colored, stigma and nervures. In the present connection the relationship of H. coactus to the species of the tegularis group might be discussed. This re- lationship was suggested by the form and sculpture of the tegulae of H. coactus and H. tegularis Robertson ; in both spe- cies the tegulae are longer than the average for the genus and distinctly pointed behind, the point turning mesially. In H. tegularis the entire surface of the tegulae is coarsely and close- ly punctured, while in H. coactus a large central space is bare and shiny ; behind the punctures are like those of H. tegularis, but in front they are a little finer. The second and sometimes the third abdominal segment in H. tegularis, H. pseiidotegu- laris Cockerell, and H. tegularifonnis Crawford, show the in- flation on either side just above the apical margins as in H. jamaicae, but to a less degree. The mesonotum in all five spe- cies mentioned is sharply lineolate ; and the knees and tarsi in all five are somewhat paler than the rest of the legs. In the light of the relation of H. coactus to H. jamaicae the tegularis group is brought nearer to the rest of the genus. Halictus deceptor sp. nov. 9 Length 5 mm. Head and thorax blue-green, not brassy, abdomen black. Face closely punctured, a little longer than broad, clypeus produced two-thirds of its length beyond the eyes. Mesonotum shiny, with very fine punctures, well scattered in the middle, but quite crowded on either side of the parapsidal groove. Truncation of the metathorax rather broad, unsculptured and with shiny rounded edges; the basal area with no indication of a rim, and with but few, very short, weak and simple plicae reaching one-third of the distance to the margin; its surface shiny, although somewhat lineolate. Tegulae dark brown, shiny. Wings dusky brown, the stigma and nervures very dark brown. Legs blackish, shading into dark brown on the tarsi. IO2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Abdomen shiny black, the disc S IS ^ : - e 2 > u) - D. ! 3 XI Ji > U C ^ rt ipl : c D x (- oa U J at 15 \l JI rt c ctf 1 ; c c 2 ; M of " : O .2 T . . w. : 5. : : : : u (- C. W. TOWNSEND Natashquan River Labrador rt lypoda nadensis tn i Pardosa unc Pardosa tac Clubiona ca CD a rt U] CJ LENG & ENGELHART Spruce Brook and Stephen- vine Crossing Newfoundland in 3 2 rt .- O (ri^ (/)*> '^2prt t/)c*TJ rilr 1 (/:w*i 3*CO BO *3 fljOT-CQ rtrtj f3 .r^r * c-s^- 2 -So. >rtp.5 ! ||5 SlBl&l^ tfs.-& oC w Su^^ai^S grt c U >, u "al "3 S 2 !? iri "3 SJ oC7E xoOcx/ESc ,5^x& Pardosa greenlandica Pardosa glaciaiis Lycosa quinaria Pardosa tachypoda Clubiona canadensis DISTRIBUTION , White Mts., Portland, Me., Greenland , White Mts., N. E. to Greenland , bog at Orono, Me., Newfoundland.... , New England to Greenland r t! V 8 IO * o a. 3 3 (u 55 cu a 11-1 i S t g , w c 2 u -o C3 -O C w & c - J rt cu 13 in U) C V t- c - P bo ^^ c rt C < ffi LT] ""O * s fl g E 1 1 22 2 Desert Sulphur Mt., Banff, 7,000 feet Mt. Washington, 5,000 feet v*tt rt i.*i: f. . t U ? j i t 11 o * | 2 I I : i, (. White Mts., Katahdin, Mt f~r*~r, H/Tto AX7Viito Aftc T ft tn } & M M M M M u o u o o (J ! c o o o o o OQ^ flc C QB Qd *** **^ ** Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 The Bethylid Genus Mesitius in South America (Hym.). By CHARLES T. BRUES, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. The members of the remarkable genus Mesitius Spinola 1 are some of the largest and perhaps the most strikingly orna- mented species of the varied family Bethylidae. A considerable number of species have been described from the Old World, several of which have been most beautifully figured by West- wood. 2 So far, however, the genus has not been recorded from the Western Hemisphere, although Ashmead 3 referred to it a number of North American insects which have since been shown by Kieffer 4 to fall into quite a different genus, Epyris. The South American specimen upon which the present note is based was collected at Bartica, British Guiana, by H. S. Parish, and given me by Prof. A. L. Melander. It represents a new species which may be described as follows: Mesitius neotropicus sp. nov. $ Length 9.5 mm. Metallic green, blue and purple, scutellum fer- ruginous ; head thorax and abdomen spotted with yellowish white ; wings infuscated at base and apex. Head two and one-fourth times as wide as thick, rather coarsely, irregularly confluently punctate above and on the face, more sparsely so behind, especially on the cheeks ; occiput and temples margined ; ocelli in a small triangle, thrice as far from the eye margin as from one another; eyes large, oval, much narrowed below, bare; malar space very short, not furrowed. Antennae (3-jointed; scape as long as the pedicel and first flagellar joint together, the latter twice as long as the pedicel and four times as long as thick; joints from thence onward shortening to less than twice their own width just before the apex. Ocelli large, on a tubercle in a very small triangle; the face below them with a median groove that extends to the base of the antennae. Head above greenish aeneous, below aeneous ; front on each side below witl- a large triangular whitish spot which nearly meets the apex of thf a Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino (2), vol. 13, p. 73. (1851). "Thesaur. Entom. Oxon., plate 31, figs. 8-n. (1874). 'Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 45, p. 62. (1893). 4 Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, vol. 29 (2), p. 109. (1905). 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., *I4 spot from the opposite side ; mandibles white, with black tips ; palpi black, the maxillary 5-jointed with the joints increasing in length api- cally; labial 3-jointed. Pronotum coarsely confluently punctate, with a deeply impressed transverse line which marks off sharply its anterior third; behind this with a deep median groove; aeneous in color, with the central portion bright green, with a small median quadrate yellowish spot anteriorly, and on the posterior margin with a narrow band of the same color that widens laterally and extends over the lateral angles. Mesonotum much more sparsely punctate than the pronotum, with four parallel furrows, the lateral ones abbreviated anteriorly ; distinctly purple, with the posterior third of the median lobe ferruginous; tegulae bright me- tallic purple. Scutellum smooth, with a few small scattered punctures, ferruginous ; postscutellum ferruginous, with a black, truncate poster- ior margin and a few large punctures on the disc. Metanotum black, coarsely, irregularly rugose, narrowed behind by converging lateral carinas into a more or less shield-shaped form with subtruncate poster- ior margin; lateral angles strongly produced, white. Abdomen minutely punctulate on the first two segments ; closel> punctate beyond ; aeneous anteriorly, but with green and bluish re- flections beyond the second segment; basal half of first segment and anterior lateral corners, much enlarged below on the sides, of second, yellowish white ; venter with second and first segment, except its pos- terior margin, whitish. Propleurae whitish except for a large black fovea above, confluently punctate; mesopleura confluently punctate, metallic green, metapleura below the spine with a few coarse, vertical rugae. Legs aeneous, whitish at the incisures of the trochanters, and on the anterior tibiae inwardly at tip. Anterior wings infuscated at base over most of the submedian and half of the basal cell, and also beyond the beginning of the stigma, this spot growing much weaker toward the wing tip; basal and sub- median cells completely enclosed by very strong nervures and radial cell nearly closed, although the radial vein suddenly becomes weak be- yond its middle; transverse median nervure not broken; base of cubi- tus indicated by a hyaline streak; hind wing weakly infuscated on apical half. One specimen, which is very probably a male, from Bar- tica, British Guiana, February, collected by Mr. H. S. Parish. The Latest Honorary Fellow of the London Society. Dr. A. P. Semenoff Tian-Shanski was elected an honorary fellow of the Entomological Society of London at its meeting of November 5, 1913, in the place of the late Prof. O. M. Reuter. Vol. XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 On the Blatta aegyptiaca of Drury (Orthoptera: Blattidae). By JAMES A. G. REHN and MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Pa. In 1773, Drury, in his classic Illustrations of Exotic In- sects (II, p. 67, pi. XXXVI, fig. 3) figured and described a roach from Jamaica, which he judged to be the same as the Blatta aegyptiaca of Linnaeus. The latter species we know to be a member of the genus Polyphaga, and, while in a most superficial manner it resembles Drury's species, the two are quite different. Beauvois in 1805 (Ins. Rec. Afr. et Amer., p. 228, pi. Orth. lie, fig. 4) figured and described from San Domingo the same species as Drury, calling it Blatta lae- vigata. Beauvois's name has had a somewhajt checkered career, having been considered the correct one for one species of the genus Phoetalia by a number of authors and for a sec- ond member of the same genus by another, while more recently Kirby referred it with a query to the genus Leucophaea. In 1839, Serville (Hist. Ins. Orth., p. 86) recognized that Drury's figure was of something quite different from the true Blatta aegyptiaca, and, having received specimens from Brazil which appeared to agree with Drury's illustration, he described the Brazilian material as Blatta druryi and referred Drury's figure to the same species. There is no difficulty in placing the species described by Serville, which is clearly the same as that called Blatta limbata by Thunberg in 1826 and Nyctibora sericea by Burmeister in 1838. The names limbata and seri- cea, however, apply to a species having much longer tegmina and a smaller and more ovate pronotum than Drury's form, these characters being evident in the figures of both Drury and Beauvois. Almost without exception recent authors have quoted the figure of Drury under limbata Thunberg, or rather under the synonymous sericea Burmeister. Recently we have had occasion to determine two specimens, representing both sexes, of a species of the genus Nyctibora, both apparently accidental importations into the eastern United States, having been taken in situations where tropical fruits, 122 : ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 such as bananas, have been handled. One of these specimens was taken in a store at Manahawken, N. ]., on September i, 1913, by Mr. H. S. Harbeck, the other having been secured on a wharf in Philadelphia.* These specimens were found on comparison with material of limbata from Paraguay and north- ern Argentina to represent an allied but very distinct species, the characters of which were well shown by Drury and Beau- vois. Knowing that the probable source of bananas received at Philadelphia was Jamaica, we examined an unworked col- lection of Jamaican Orthoptera which had been placed in our hands for study and were pleased to find a specimen of the same species included in it. This specimen is a female and was collected at Palm Beach, Montego Bay, Jamaica, on March 3, 1911. This individual proves 'the correctness of Drury's local- ity, which had, however, corroboration in a record by Walker under the name druryi. It is necessary to add the West Indies to the range of this genus and subfamily, something which most recent authors have not done, the general tendency being apparently to discredit Drury's locality. Aside from this, however, the senior author some years ago recorded Nyctibora mexicana from Jamaica.f It is quite probable the accidental New England records of N. sericea given by Scudder^ and Henshaw refer to this species instead of true sericea (= limbata), which latter, being South American, is less likely to be imported than a West In- dian species. We are now able to place this peculiarly West Indian spe- cies in its proper position as a valid species, the following references and differential characters enabling one to recog- nize it. *The latter specimen was recorded by Rehn (Entom. News, XIII, p. 309, Dec., 1902) as Nyctibora sericea. Individuals of true sericea were not available for comparison at that date. t Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XXIX, p. 130. t Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. StiL, VIII, p. 9 [Massachusetts] ; Psyche IX, p. 100 [about Boston]. Psyche, IX, p. 119 [Springfield, Mass.]. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois). 1773- [Blatta] aegyptiaca Drury (not of Linnaeus), 111. Nat. Hist, Exot. Ins., II, p. 67, pi. XXXVI, fig. 3 [Jamaica.] 1805. Blatta laevigata Beauvois, Ins. Rec. Afr. et Amer., p. 228, Orth. pi. He, fig. 4. [San Domingo.] 1868. Nyctibora druryi Walker (not Blatta druryi Serville), Catal. Spec. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 147. [Jamaica.] 1902. Nyctibora sericea Rehn (not of Burmeister), Entom. News, XIII, p. 309. [Accidental at Philadelphia.] Compared with N. limbata the present species can be sep- arated immediately by the shorter, more ovate form, much larger and nearly semicircular pronotum, which has the caudal margin nearly straight, by the shorter tegmina and wings, which but slightly or not at all surpass the apex of the abdo- men, by the more robust limbs, the much less velutinous sur- face and the uniformly colored coxae and femora. Measurements (in millimeters'). N. limbata A r . laevigata (Thunb.) (Beauv.) Male Male Male Female Female Misiones, Puerto Phila., Maria- Palm Arg. Bertoni, Pa. hawken, Beach, Paraguay. N. J. Jam. Length of body 32. 27. 27.2 27.8 26.5 Length of pronotum 8. 7.9 9. 8.6 8.2 Greatest width of pronotum 12. 12.4 13.2 13. 12.2 Length of tegmen 31.2 32. 23.5 21.6 20.3 Greatest width of tegmen 12.5 n.8 10.7 TO. 10. Notes on Inadequate Locality Labels (Dipt.). By CHARLES W. JOHNSON, Boston, Mass. The more one collects and becomes familiar with the condi- tions governing the fauna of a given area and their relation to problems bearing on geographical distribution, the more one realizes the importance and value of having the exact date and the locality where a specimen was found. This is especially true of the rarer species, as many of the localities where one collected years ago are now entirely changed ; woods have been cut and the clearings in many cases covered with buildings; 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 while meadows and swamps have been either drained or flood- ed and the original fauna thus wholly or partly destroyed. In 1891 I commenced to specialize on the Diptera in con- nection with my work, on the collections representing the local fauna for the Museum of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, of which I was then curator. As the labels used for the species found in Pennsylvania were only those of the counties adjacent to Philadelphia, and as much of the material has been scattered, it seems desirable to state for the benefit of future workers the exact localities where most of the collecting was done. My note book covering the period from May 30, 1891, to June 25, 1895, represents some fifty-four local collecting trips in the vicinity of Philadelphia. "Phila." stands for all of Philadelphia County. One of the favorite collecting trips was to Fairmount Park, back of George's Hill, along a small brook called "George's Run," thence under the railroad bridge to an old pasture field (now entirely built over), thence to the woods in front of the Epis- copal Home, to Belmont Avenue, then across the fields around Belmont Mansion and down the walks leading to the Columbia railroad bridge and from there home, via Strawberry Man- sion. Another trip was to Chamonix, opposite the "Falls" and also home via Belmont and Columbia Bridge. This was be- fore the electric line was built through the Park. Some col- lecting was also done along the Wissahickon. I can only mention a few of the many interesting species captured in the twenty-seven collecting trips made to Fair- mount Park. The types of Leptogaster atridorsalis (July 14), Dolichopus reflectus (May 30), D. gracilis (August 4), and Chilosia \prima (September 4), were taken near George's Hill, and Callicera johnsoni near Strawberry Mansion, May 7. The latter was collected by Mr. C. T. Greene. The label "Montg. Co." is an abbreviation for Montgomery County. The greater portion of the material marked thus was collected on eight different trips to a piece of woods about one mile east of Edgehill, near the old ore washer. These open woods were a favorite place for many of the rarer Syrphidae Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Xylota bicolor and chalybea, Criorhina umbratilis and analis, Sphecomyia vittata, Teuchocnemis lituratus and Temnostoma pictnla. It is also the type locality of Symphoromyia hirta (June 2), Neaspilota achilleae (July 4), Pipunculus atlanti- cus (June 2), and Tetragoneura pimpla (June 16). One trip was made to Arcola on the Perkiomen River, April 27, 1894. Pipiza albipilosa was abundant there. Fairmount Park is the type locality for this species, and also for Pipiza nigripilosa. In Bucks County, Neshaminy Falls and vicinity were the principal collecting grounds, but the amount of material col- lected was limited. The label "Delaware Co." stands for several places covered by about eight collecting trips. The woods between Folsom and Morton yielded many new and interesting species. It is the type locality for Asilus johmoni (July 7), Atomosia sayi (July 23), Empis tridentata (June 12) and Haematopota rara (June 12). My only specimens of Criorhina notata and of Teuchocnemis bacuntius were taken there May 8, while such species as Odontomyia flavicornis and Trichopoda radiata were taken frequently. Another favorite trip was up the valley from Darby to Collingdale and then through the woods to the home of my friend, Mr. Charles Voelker, at Clifton Heights. In the spring (May 5) an old log near Collingdale was usually frequented by Chalcomyia aerea, Pseudotephritis corticolis and Leptis plumbea. Brachyopa vacua was frequently found on the sap of injured trees or stumps. Solva americana and Ech- thodopa fonnosa were found in the woods at Clifton Heights. August 19, 1892, was spent with my friend, Mr. Charles S. Welles, at his home at Elwyn. Among the captures were two new species, Leskia thecata and Plethochaeta versicolor. At Media (June 21, 1895) I captured a specimen of Microdon mcgalogaster. In Chester County, collections were made at Frazer, July 25, and Lenover, August 25, 1893. Later some collecting was done at Green Tree. In this connection I should also like to refer to the locality label "North Mt, Pa." This applies to all species taken at 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Lake Ganoga, August 29; Ricketts, August 30 and 31, Septem- ber i and 2, and above Stull, September 3, 1897, also those col- lected at Ricketts June 7 to 9, 1898. The region is in the Canadian life zone, and yielded many new and interesting spe- cies. There is another matter connected with labels that is often annoying and misleading. It is the abbreviation of the names of places and towns to suit one's fancy. We are not alone, however, in this matter, for I have specimens from foreign correspondents where the locality label defies interpretation. Specimens with lot numbers should never be sent out by the collector until properly labeled. A New Proctotrypoid Genus from Australia (Hym.). By ALAN P. DODD, Nelson via Cairns, Queensland. Family SCELIONIDAE, Subfamily TELENOMINAE. PLATYTELENOMUS nov. gen. ? . Body completely flattened. Vertex of head very thin ; head viewed from in front semi-circular; eyes large, slightly pubescent. Antennae slender, n-jointed; the club slender, 5- jointed. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide; pronotum not visible from above, mesonotum as long as wide, without fur- rows ; scutellum short, semi-circular ; postscutellum short ; metanotum rather long, with a median and two lateral lines of foveae separated by delicate carinae ; the median line straight, the lateral ones curved. Venation as in Telenomus Haliday. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, no longer or wider than the thorax ; second segment longer than wide, equal to two-thirds abdomi- nal length. This genus comes nearest to Aradophagus Ashmead but dif- fers in having n -jointed antennae. Type. \Platytelenomus planus sp. nov. Platytelenomus planus sp. nov. 9. Length, i.io mm. Shining black; legs (including coxae) and antennal scape and pedicel golden yellow. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 Head and mesonotum with fine polygonal sculpture; rest of thorax smooth, shining. Abdomen with first and base of second segment striate; rest of abdomen smooth. Antennae n-jointed; scape slender, equal to next four joints combined; pedicel twice as long as wide; funicle joints all longer than wide; 1-3 subequal, as long as the pedicel; fourth a little shorter; club slender, s-jointed, the joints longer than wide; third joint slightly the longest and widest. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen ; rather narrow, hyaline ; longest marginal cilia equal to one-third greatest wing width; discal cilia fine and dense; submarginal vein attaining the costa a little before the middle of the wing; marginal vein short; stigmal vein rather long, oblique; post- marginal vein nearly as long as the submarginal. (From i specimen, 2-3-inch objective, i-inch optic, Bausch & Lomb.) $ . Unknown. Habitat. North Queensland (Nelson, near Cairns). A com- mon species in forest country. Type. South Australian Museum, a 5 tagmounted plus a slide bearing head, antennae and fore wings. Two new species of Psychoda (Dipt.). By NATHAN BANKS, East Falls Church, Virginia. Psychoda autumnalis n. sp. Gray, with gray, black, and white hair; thorax with dark gray hair, interspersed with a few black ones, abdomen with rather paler gray hair, and not nearly as long as that on the thorax. Antennae pale gray. Femora yellowish gray, tibiae similar, but with black middle and apical bands, separated by a white spot; tarsi black, first joint white on base, second and third almost wholly white. Wings gray, with gray hair, each wing with two rows of about five black dots of erect hair across wing, both obliquely curved, first be- fore and the second beyond the middle, the first one has the anterior and posterior spots much larger than the others, in the outer row the two spots behind are rather dislocated from the others ; between the two rows and near the costa is another dot of black hair; the costal fringe is twice gray and black before the stigma, where there is a white spot, followed by two more before the tip ; apical fringe black ; posterior fringe brown, interrupted three times with white, not as long as one-half the width of the wing. The tips of the black veins tend to form spots on the margin ; in some specimens there are other minute black dots of erect hair between the two rows. The forks 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 are equal, and arise before the middle of the wing, the wing is hardly acute at tip, and of moderate breadth. (Expanse : 5 mm. From Washington, D. C, in November. Psychoda aterrima n. sp. Deep black throughout, with black hair, but that on thorax mostly brown, and some on costa of wing beyond middle, and also near tip are brown; at extreme tip are a few snow-white hairs, hardly dis- cernible. Wings narrow, and acute at tips, the hairs at base and on basal part of costa are very long, many fully one-half as long as the width of the wing, the fringe on posterior margin also very long, longer than one-half width of wing; the forks of the two forked veins are equally long, and both begin before the middle of the wing; the wing is perhaps less hairy across the middle than elsewhere. Expanse : 4.8 mm. From Ithaca, New York, July. Differs at once from P. niger in deeper black color, longer hair, and narrower wings. The types of both species are in the author's collection. Technical Assistant in Malaria Investigations (Male). The United States Civil Service Commission announces an open com- petitive examination for technical assistant in malaria investigations, for men only. The duties of this position will be to conduct labora- tory studies of malaria, to make surveys of malarial regions, and to advise in respect to the prevention of the disease. Competitors will not be assembled for examination, but will be rated upon the follow- ing subjects, which will have the relative weights indicated: i. Gen- eral education and medical training 30, 2. Experience in laboratory studies of malaria 30, 3. Experience in making field surveys 20, 4. Pub- lications or thesis 20; Total 100. Under the third subject credit will be given for experience in identifying different species of mosquitoes and their larvae, or conducting surveys of mosquito-breeding places, or applying practical measures for the prevention of malaria in a com- munity. If a thesis is submitted under subject 4 it must present the re- sults of original research work in some phase of malaria or other pub- lic health subject. Graduation from a medical school or college of recognized standing, and experience in laboratory technique connected with malaria studies, are prerequisites for consideration for this posi- tion. No application will be accepted unless properly executed, excluding the medical certificate, and filed with the Commission at Washing- ton, with the material required, prior to the hour of closing business on March 9, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1914. On Writing History. History is very interesting if true, and it becomes equally ridiculous if untrue. History to be respected should be accom- panied by references to sources of information. In the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Volume 8, page 54, is an account of what happened to the Say collection. According to this account it was sent (some time) from New Harmony (Indiana) and was stored unopened in Philadelphia and forgotten. How long it was forgotten is not stated. "Nearly twenty years later it was resurrected and sent to Thaddeus W. Harris, State Entomologist of Mas- sachusetts, and a very notable man." In the sarnie journal, Volume 8, page in, is a letter from Charles Christoph Andrew Zimmerman to Dr. W. T. Harris. This letter is dated Columbia, S. C., June Qth, 1841. In it he pays his respects to Philadelphia, and refers to the Say col- lection, then in the hands of Dr. Harris. Thomas Say died October loth, 1834. Making no allow- ance for the time his collection remained in New Harmony and the time it was forgotten in Philadelphia and the time it took to send it to Massachusetts, "nearly twenty years" from the date of his death only, would make nearly the date 1854. H. S. An Ant Story. Near Lawton, Okla., according to a story said to be fact, the sports- men of that town have established a shooting range. At the end of the range a great many mound-building ants had established colonies, and naturally some of the spent shot dropped in that vicinity. It was discovered that the ants in gathering the round granite pebbles for their mounds had also carried a great quantity of shot and mingled it with the tiny particles of stone. More than fifty pounds of shot were taken from the mounds investigated. Bulletin, New York Zoological Society, Sept., 1913. 129 13 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Notes and News, ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS PROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Naphthalene and Fleas (Siphonap.). In June, 1913, while giving a bath to an orphan kitten which had been adopted several months before, I noticed some fleas upon it and not desiring to have the animal infested nor to have the house stocked with such dangerous insects, I thought over the possibility of killing the latter. Besides kerosene oil and soap, the only other available insecticide was napthalene in the form of the usual naptha- lene or moth balls used for keeping among clothes. It was thought undesirable to use kerosene, while ordinary soaps seemed likely to be inefficient. The only hope then seemed to be in the napthalene. I took three or four balls of it, therefore, and crushed them into a fine powder by wrapping them in a piece of burlap and using a hammer. Holding the kitten over a large sheet of paper placed over the floor of the veranda, I rubbed the powder into her fur, working from behind toward the head and including the tail and legs. After several minutes, the insects became noticeable about the head, espec- ially around the eyes and at this stage I commenced to remove them by hand, killing each one in succession by crushing it with the ham- mer. In this manner, after about five minutes, thirty or more of the insects were successfully killed and the kitten seemed to be free of them. About a week previous to this, another older kitten had been ob- tained and it seemed to be likely (and was found to be so) that the young kitten had gotten the fleas from this comparative stranger. So she in turn was given the same treatment with the result that over a hundred and fifteen of the vigorous insects were killed; this time a few escaped, though most of them were quite stupid and did not hop when placed upon the paper ; in fact many dropped off. In this case also, however, a few of the insects remained upon the cat ; a half hour after finishing, I went to the cat again and found six grown fleas, stupidly resting upon the top of the fur whence they were easily caught and killed. It was decided, after such toward results to repeat the treatment after a day's time, so as to allow the animals to pick up, as it were, any of the insects which may have escaped into the house. This was done, with the result that about a half dozen fleas were obtained from the young kitten and about fifteen from the older one. The animals then seemed to be quite free from infestation but the treatment apparently made them ill for about a day or so ; the most noticeable symptoms were loss of appetite and an inclination to lie about instead of, as was usual with the younger kitten, continually running about and playing. The Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS older of the two animals refused nearly all food for two whole days following the treatment. But the latter does not seem dan- gerous and is certainly a cleanly and desirable agent for the purpose of ridding household animals of dangerous parasites. A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson, Queensland. Sequelae of Human Verruga Case Traceable to Phlebotomus verrucarum (Dipt.). A preliminary notice of Mr. Nicholson's case, dated November 10, 1913, appeared in the January, 1914, issue of the NEWS. The following data bring the record up to date : Nov. 10, 1913 Received 30 cc. neosalvarsan intravenously in left arm. Nov. 15 Fever subsided for good. The fever had lasted with prac- tically no absolute intermission for three weeks, from October 25 to November 15, but ranging all the way from slightly above normal to close on 40 deg. C. The temperature was very irregular, but usually lower in mornings and highest in evenings. During this period pains were pronounced in back of neck, cervical region and knees, more so in mornings. Also during this period the Bartonia bacilliformis Strong et al. was present in numbers in the red cells, as attested by Dr. A. L. Barton and shown in numerous smears. Nov. 15 to 30 Pains were most prominent in the ankles, knees, wrists and finger joints, especially in mornings. During the first several days of this period the temperature ranged distinctly below normal, and no Bartonia was found in the blood. Dec. I to 24 Acute pain internally in region of spleen but not affecting that organ, very sharp at start and very gradually wearing away until completely disappeared about Dec. 24 or 25. At beginning of this period the pains in joints ameliorated and disappeared. Dec. 24 The first sign of eruption appeared, being a minute red point on back of right hand next wrist. This very gradually increas- ed in size, almost imperceptibly at first but rather more rapidly later on, until on Jany. 26, 1914, it has become a perfectly circular well-raised papule 3.5 mm. in diameter. Its initial stage seemed miliar, but its present state must classify it as nodular. Dec. 28 Several minute eruptive points like preceding on ankles. Jany. 8, 1914 Typical nodular papule of considerable size suddenly appeared on outside of right forearm next elbow, about 2 to 3 mm. in diameter. Jany. 12 Several minute points just back of original papule on right wrist. Jany. 14 One large nodule, about the size of a pea, on right thigh outside, accompanied by several smaller ones. Jany. 17 Small ones in great numbers have appeared on feet, ankles, shins, knees and thighs. Jany. 19 Several larger ones on knees and calves. Jany. 21 Very many small and minute ones on hands and fingers. Jany. 25 More large ones on right thigh. Mr. Nicholson has not been exposed to any verruga infection since he left the hospital on Nov. 22, 1913, not having entered the verruga zone from that date to date of eruption, and not having been within the verruga zone at night since Nov. 6, 1913. It is quite certain from these facts that both the Bartonia bodies 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 and the eruption have resulted in this case from the Phlebotomus bites of Sept. 17, 1913, to which were added a half dozen bites on the night of Nov. 6, 1913- It is practically certain that only one species of microbe was transmitted during the bites of the Phlebo- tomus. ,. . The injection of neosalvarsan produced a slight temporary diminu- tion of the Bartonia bodies, according to Dr. Barton. They shortly increased again. It is indicated that this drug, in larger quantity and frequently repeated, is a specific against the disease. A complete history of this case will eventually be published by Dr. Barton. CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, Chosica, Peru, January 26, 1914. Control Work Against Forest Insect Depredations in the Hetch Hetchy Watershed of the Yosemite National Park (Coleop.). Special investigations by the experts of the Department of Agricul- ture have shown that as much as 95 per cent, of the timber in some of the canyons and valleys of the Tuolumne River, which is to supply the water for the Hetch Hetchy project, has been killed by bark-bor- ing insects. The areas in which practically all of the timber has been killed, some of it many years ago, are Jack Main Canyon and Matterhorn Canyon. It was found that the forest growth of the entire water- shed was more or less affected, and that the destructive insects were killing a great amount of timber from near Tenaya Lake through the forests surrounding Tuolumne Meadows to and through Virginia Canyon. This alarming condition, affecting as it did the scenic beauty of the area north of the Yosemite Valley and its consequent effect on the water supply and general economy of the Hetch Hetchy project, pre- sented a problem of great importance. As soon as the matter was called to the attention of the Secretary of the Interior in the fall of 1912, he appealed to the Secretary of Agriculture for such advice and assistance as his Department could render through the expert who has charge of the forest insect branch of the Bureau of Entomology. The matter received the required prompt attention and arrange- ments were soon made for active warfare against the depredating beetle. A plan of procedure was outlined by the expert and recom- mended by the Secrtary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the In- terior. According to the plan, the Interior Department was to allot the required funds, the control work to be carried on under the im- mediate supervision of an entomological assistant of the Bureau of Entomology. This plan was adopted and the work was started just as soon as the weather conditions permitted in June, 1913. The areas near Tenaya Lake and in the Cathedral Basin around Tuolumne Peak to the Tuolumne Meadows were carefully cruised for Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 the location and marking of the particular trees, in the bark of which the broods of the destructive beetle had passed the winter. Two areas representing centers of infestation were thus located and desig- nated one as the Tenaya Project, the other as the Cathedral Project. Control work was started on the Tenaya Project on July I, and finished when the beetles began to emerge from the bark on July 24. Work on the Cathedral Project was started on September 8, after the beetles coming from the overwintered broods had entered the bark of the living trees, and was completed on October 7. The method recommended and followed was to fell the infested trees, lop off the limbs, pile them on the prostrate trunk, and set fire to it ; thus the infested bark was scorched or burned to a sufficient ex- tent to kill the broods of the insects. The trees thus treated ranged in diameter from 6 inches to 54 inches with the average of about 22% inches. One thousand, six hundred and seventy-one trees were treated in the two projects, at a cost of $1158, including all expenses except the salaries of two representatives of the Bureau of Entomology who di- rected and assisted in the work. It is claimed that this work, with an additional expenditure of about $500 next season, will be sufficient to bring the beetle under such con- trol that very little attention will be required to protect the remain- ing living timber from further serious injury. Both this and an in- festation in the timber around the rim of the Yosemite Valley will receive the required attention next season. The Interior Department has expressed a determination to prosecute a warfare against the depredations of insects in the Yosemite and Glacier National Parks to the limit of the funds available for the purpose. The insect which is directly responsible for the death of such a large percentage of the lodgepole pine timber of the northern section of the park is the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctoinis monticolac Hopkins). It attacks perfectly healthy trees and kills them by mining between the bark and wood in such a manner as to stop the movement of sap and kill the bark which results in the final death of a tree within ten to twelve months after it is attacked. This beetle is the most destruc- tive enemy of the lodgepole pine, western yellow pine, and mountain or silver pine of the entire Pacific Coast and Northern Rocky Moun- tain region. A vast amount of the best timber of these regions has been killed by this beetle during the past fifty years and has gone to waste through the agencies of decay and forest fires, but, thanks to the discoveries of the experts of the Bureau of Entomology, it can now be controlled and a great waste of forest resources prevented in the future. Office of Information, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C. *34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 4 The Canadian Entomologist. 5 Psyche. 8 The Entomolo- gist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 The Entomologist, London. 11 Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 18 Ottawa Naturalist. 22 Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 35 Annales, So- ciete Entomologique de Belgique. 38 Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40 Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 50 Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 74 Naturwissenschaftliche Wochen- schrift, Berlin. 84 Entomologische Rundschau. 87 Bulletin, So- ciete Entomologique de France, Paris. 89 Zoologische Jahr- bucher. Abteilung fur Anatomic und Ontogenie der Tiere, Jena. 92 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 Zeit- schrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102 Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 166 Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 180 Annals, Entomological Society of America. 189 Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 193 Entomologische Blatter, Cassel. 196 Arkiv for Zoologie, Stockholm. 198 Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. 216 Entomologische Zeit- schrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 313 Bulletin of Entomological Re- search, London. 321 Annals of the New York Academy of Sci- ences. 364 Biologica, Journal Scientifique du Medecin, Paris. 369 Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 418 The Philippine Agricultural Review, Manila. 420 Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology, Washington. 422 Coleopterologische Rundschau, Wien. 447 Journal of Agricul- tural Research, Washington. 453 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 461 Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologic der Tiere, Jena. 462 The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 GENERAL SUBJECT. Anon. The insectoscope (Journ. Roy. Microsc. Soc., 1913, 627-630). Bachmann, M. Blutenbiologische spaziergange, 216, xxvii, 215-16 (cont.). Ballou, H. A. Root bor- ers and other grubs in West Indian soils, 372, Pamphlet No. 73. Bervoets, R. E. Note sur 1'origine dn labre des insectes, 35, 1913, 367-8. Britton, W. E., et al. Thirteenth report of the state ento- mologist of Connecticut for the year 1913, pp. 181-256. Chapman, T. A. Host and parasite emerging from one larva, 8, 1914, 13-14. Druce, H. Obituary note, 8, 1913. 277. Ewing, H. E. Pure line inheritance and parthenogenesis, 198, xxvi, 25-35. Gossard, H. A. Fall manual of practice in economic zoology (Ohio Ag. Ex. Sta., Bui. 233). Heikertinger, F. Die phytokologie der Tiere als selb- standiger wissenszweig, 38, xxxiii, 15-35. Kleine, R. Das frass- bild, 166, vii, 259-60. Lindner, E. Fuehlerhypertrophie bei Lyman- tria, 92, ix, 376-79. Morgan, T. H. Heredity and Sex (Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y., 1913), 282 pp. Morrill, A. W. Some American insects and Arachnids concerned in transmission of disease (Ari- zona Med. Journ., Jan., 1914, 12 pp.). Newell, W., et al. Investi- gations pertaining to Texas beekeeping, 453, Bui. 158. Pagenste- cher, A. Obituary note, 8, 1913, 278. Peacock, A. D. Entomolog- ical pests and problems of southern Nigeria, 313, iv. 191-220. Semichon, L. Signification des reserves azotees du corps adipeux des larves d'insectes, 87, 1913, 435-6. Scherdlin, P. Einiges ueber leichenfauna, 166, vii, 257-59 (cont.). Shelford, V. E. Animal com- munities in temperature America (Geol. Soc. Chicago, Bull. No. 5, 362 pp., 1913). Simpson, J. J. Entomological research in Br. West Africa. IV. Sierra Leone, 313, iv, 151-190. Strickland, E. H. Some parasites of Simulium larvae and their possible economic value, 4, 1913, 405-13. Zetek, J. Mosquitoes and cobwebs, 189, vi, 208. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Dahl, F. Vergleichende physiologic und morphologic der spinnentiere, 1st pt. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1913, 113 pp. Hilton, W. A. The nervous system of Chelifer, 189, v, 189-201. Bilsing, S. W. Preliminary list of the spiders of Ohio, 18, xiv, 215. Chamberlin, R. V. A new Leptodesmicl from Montana, 4, 1913, 424-26. Ewing, H. E. The taxonomic value of the charac- ters of the male genital armature in the genus Tetranychus, 180, vi, 453-60. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Snyder, T. E. Changes dur- ing quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of termites, 102, xv, 162-65. Zawarzin, A. Die optischen ganglien der Aeschna-larven, 97, cviii, 175-257. Zimmermann, K. (See under Orthoptera.) 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 Bacon, C. A n. sp. of Collembola from Laguna Beach, 189, v, 202-4. Banks, N. New American Chrysopidae, 4, 1914, 24-7. Cock- erell, T. D. A. The dragon-fly genus Agrion (Calepteryx) in Col- orado, 5, 1913, 173-4. Folsom, J. W. No. American spring-tails of the subfamily Tomocerinae, 50, xlvi, 451-72. Hine, J. S. A note on Anax longipes, 18, xiv, 219-20. Hood, J. D. On a collection of Thysanoptera from Porto Rico, 420, i, 149-154. Philpott, R. An addition to the Odonata of Ohio, 18, xiv, 219. ORTHOPTERA. F. N. La catalepsie des insectes, 364, iii, 378-80. Mackie, D. B. The Philippine locust (Pachytylus migra- toroides) ; natural influence affecting its propagation and distribu- tion, 418, vi, 538-47. Zimmermann, K. Ueber die facettenaugen der Libelluliden, Phasmiden tind Mantiden, 89, xxxvii, 1-36. HEMIPTERA. Kershaw, J. C. The alimentary canal of Plata and other Homoptera, 5, 1913, 175-88. Tower, D. G. The external anatomy of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, 180, vi, 427-442. Weiss, H. B. Notes on the positive hydrotropism of Gerris marginatus and Dineutes assimilis, 4, 1914, 33-4. Braucher, R. W. An undesirable foreigner on the American con- tinent (Cryptococcus fagi), 4, 1914, 14-16. Distant, W. L. Rhyn- chotal notes XV, 11, xiii, 176-186. Essig, E. O. A new Eriococ- cus, 189, v, 179-81. Gillette, C. P. Some Pemphiginae attacking species of Populus in Colorado, 180, vi, 485-93. King, G. B. Sev- enth and eighth Kermes from California, 189, v, 205-7. Ryan, H. J. A coccid found on the sycamore, 189, v, 207-8. LEPIDOPTERA. Frohawk, F. W. Notes on the life-history of Lycaena arion, 9, 1913, 321-24. Gibson, A. The preparatory stages of Apocheima rachelae, 4, 1913, 401-5. Kaspar, J. Merk- wurdiges erscheinen von Atalanta im gewachshaus, 216, xxvii, 207-8. Linder, E. Proterogyne beim prozessionsspinner (Cnethocampa pityocampa), 92, ix, 379-80. Longstaff, G. B. Further notes on scents in butterflies, 8, 1914, 1-8. Mell, R. Die Chinesen und der schmetterling (cont.), 74, xiii, 25-27. Meyer, H. Ueber Bombyx mori, 216, xxvii, 228-9. Pfaff, G. H. Eine neue temperaturformen von Vanessa antiopa, 216, xxvii, 229. Rattray, R. H. Birds eating butterflies, 9, 1913, 334. Roeber, J. Lepidopterologisches, 40, xxix, 5-6. Rowley, R. R. Hunting eggs of lepidopters, 462, i, 68-70. Tragardh, I. Contributions towards the comparative morphology of the trophi of the lepidopterous leaf miners, 196, viii, No. 9, 48 pp. Barnes & McDunnough On the synonymy of certain Florida L., 4, 1914, 27-31. On the early stages of some western Catocala species, 5, 1913, 188-202. Some new No. American Anaphorinae, 4, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 1913, 419-21. Braun, A. F. Notes on N. Am. sp. of Nepticula with descriptions of n. sps., 4, 1914, 17-24. Busck, A. Note on a bark- mining lepidopteron of the genus Marmara, 102, xv, 150. Dognin, P. Heteroceres nouveaux de I'Amerique du Sud, 35, Iviii, 380-417. Fruhstorfer, H. Neue Rhopaloceren, 84, xxx, 133-4. Mabille, P. Note sur Pieris rapae et P. ergane, 87, 1913, 435. Skinner, H. A new Pamphila from New Mexico, 4, 1913, 426. Yothers, M. A. Eugonia californica in the Pacific Northwest, 4, 1913, 421-22. DIPTERA. Barber, H. S. Notes on a wood-boring syrphid, 102, xv, 151-52. Lutz, A. Forest malaria, 102, xv, 169-70. Shannon, R. C. Feeding habits of Phlebotomus vexator, 102, xv, 165-67. Tragardh, I. En svampatande Anthomyid-larv, 196, viii, No. 5, 16 pp. Wohl, M. G. Myiasis, or fly larve as parasites of man (N. Y. Med. Journ., Nov. 22, 1913, 8 pp.). Zetek, J. Notes on the oviposi- tion of Aedes calopus, 4, 1913, 423. Beutenmuller, W. Notes on some species of Cecidomyiidae, 4, 1913, 413-16. Dietz, W. G. A synopsis of the described No. Amer- ican species of the dipterous genus Tipula, 180, vi, 461-84. Ender- lein, G. Zur kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden unterfamilien. . . ., 22, xliii, 289-315. Felt, C. P. Two new Canadian gall midges, 4, 1913, 417-19. Didactylomyia capitata n. sp., 5, 1913, 174. Hendel, F. Analytische uebersicht ueber die Anastrepha-arten, 38, xxxiii, 66-70. Hewitt, C. G. The occurrence of the warble fly, Hypoderma bovis, in Canada, 4, 1914, 1-3. Hine, J. S. The genus Myiolepta, 18, xiv, 205-10. Johnson, C. W. The distribution of some species of Dro- sophila, 5, 1913, 202-205. The dipteran fauna of Bermuda, 180, vi, 443-52. Knab, F. Gad flies of the genus Stibasoma, 50, xlvi, 407- 412. A note on some American Simuliidae, 420, i, 154-56. Melan- der, A. L. Note on two preoccupied muscid names, 5, 1913, 205. COLEOPTERA. Hille, E. Die ausserlichen geschlechtsaus- zeichnungen bei C., 422, 1914, 1-8. Stichel, H. Weiterer bericht ueber vogelknoterich fressende wolfsmilchraupen. Melanismus bei Cucullia artemisiae, 92, ix, 380-81. Urban, C. Zur naturge- schichte des Malachius bipustulatus, 369, iii, 4-10. Barber, H. S. Notes on Rhipidandri, 102, xv, 188-93. Grouvelle, A. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 56: Byturidae, Nitidulidae: Cateretinae, Meligethinae, Carpophilinae, Nitidulinae, Cryptarchi- nae, Cybocephalinae, 223 pp. Gounelle, E. Cerambycides nou- veaux de Colombie appartenant au Musee de Hambourg (2d note), 87, 1913, 419-23. Kerremans, C. Monographic des Buprestides, VI, Livr. 19. Netolitzky, F. Die Bembidiini in Winklers catalogus, 193, 1914, 50-55. Obenberger, P. St. J. Drei neue nordamerikani- sche Anthaxien, 193, 1914, 25-6. Neue exotische Anthaxa-arten aus 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 (Chili) , 422, 1913, 190-94. Pierce, W. D. New potato weevils from Andean South America, 447, i, 347-52. HYMENOPTERA. Cushman, R. A. Biological notes on a few rare or little known parasitic H., 102, xv, 153-61. Hess, C. Experi- mentelle untersuchungen ueber den angeblichen farbensinn der bienen, 461, xxxiv, 81-106. Hood, J. D. Notes on the life history of Rhopalosoma poeyi, 102, xv, 145-48. Natzmer, G. Ueber die winterruhe der ameisen, 166, vii, 274-5. Pampel, W. Die weib- lichen geschlechtsorgane der Ichneumoniden, 97, cviii, 290-357. Rohwer, S. A. Notes on the feeding habits of two adult sawflies. Two abnormally developed sawflies, 102, xv, 148-50. Rudow, Dr. Die wohnungen der ameisen, 84, xxx, 135-37 (cont.). Die woh- nungen der honigsammelnden bienen Anthophilidae, 216, xxvii, 227-8 (cont.). Shannon, R. C. Epimecis wiltii, and its host, 102, xv, 162. Strand, E. Bemerkungen ueber Paxylommatinae, 369, iii, 27-31. Cockerell, T. D. A. A new fossil sawfly from Florissant, Colo., 4, 1914, 32. Crawford, J. C. Descriptions of new H., No. 8, 50, xlvi, 343-52. Forel, A. Nouveaux sous-genres de Formica, 35, 1913, 360-1. Gahan, A. B. New H. from No. America, 50, xlvi, 431-43. Rohwer, S. A. Descriptions of new parasitic H., 102, xv, 180-88. Viereck, H. L. Descriptions of 23 n. gen. and 31 n. sp. of ichneumon-flies, 50, xlvi, 359-86. Wheeler, W. M. Corrections and additions to "List of type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae," 321, xxiii, 77-83. MACROLEPIDOPTERA by PROF. DR. A. SEITZ. Critical Remarks by WJLHELM LEHR, Baltimore, Md. The issue of Volume II of "Macrolepidoptera of the World," by Prof. Seitz, concludes the palaearctic part of this great work, in so far as "Moths (Tineidae) and Spinners" (Bombycidae) are concerned. This volume is quite extensive, containing fully 440 pages of text alone, irrespective of the index. It represents, like Volume I, the "Butterflies," the most complete work of its kind known to-day in this line of literature. Above all. it contains the pictures of almost all the species of the Amur Region, of Turkestan, of the Caucasus, of Persia, of Syria, etc., many of these illustrations appearing for the first time. The text of this volume was compiled by nine authors, generally known as reliable authorities on Entomology. In this respect it cer- tainly is astonishing that notwithstanding the "many cooks," a pleas- ing uniformity in the book, in regard to text as well as to the plates, could be obtained, which uniformity does not appear in so marked a degree throughout Volume I. Vol. XXv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 The following figures are intended to give an idea of the thorough- ness of the volume in question : In the catalogue of Staudinger-Rebel, which appeared thirteen years ago, 238 forms of Zygaenidae were enumerated, while "Seitz" list? 418 Zygaenidae of the palaearctic region; of Saturnidae "Seitz" has 122, against "Staudinger-Rebel's" 31. Furthermore "Seitz" describes 329 Sphingidae against 100 mentioned in the "Stgr.-Reb." catalogue; of Cymatophoridae 86 are given in the "Seitz," while in "Stauding- er's" work only 23 are shown ; of Limacodidae 46 are found in the "Seitz," whereas 15 are accounted for in the catalogue mentioned above, etc. All in all, this volume describes about 300 species (or varieties) of Spinners, besides about 300 Sphingidae. The number of colored fig- ures on 55 plates amounts to nearly 2400. If it be taken into consid- eration that the Moths and Spinners in the Staudinger do not quite number a thousand (to which, of course, some varieties are to be added) ; one must readily admit that our knowledge of the palaearctic region, with reference to Entomology, approaches completion, by means of this gigantic work. The reliability of the text, it must be said, can only be judged by scientists versed in this line, or by specialists of the palaearctic Fauna. The names of the authors, who contribute to this work, are so well known in the scientific world that one may readily place confidence in their ability, their statements and their scientific work. By reading a chapter of the "Seitz," it will doubtless be perceived that the numerous serviceable hints on catching butterflies and cater- pillars, on their raising and mode of living, etc., are based upon per- sonal experience; and that furthermore the author himself has per- sonally bred the principal representatives of almost all the species, whether they live in the Amur region, or in Syria, or in Mauretania, etc.; he has, at any rate, viewed them alive. The vast information on feeding-plants, on methods of catching the animals, etc., are of the utmost importance to any collector. For is there any other book, which, for example, mentions at what hour the caterpillars of Emydia striata must be collected, in order to obtain the greatest quantity of them ; or one, which cautions against delay in taking in the Ognoyyna caterpillars, and admonishes collecting them, before the grass has grown so high that they are completely hidden from sight? As in the first volume the plates are the most essential and pre- dominant features of the work, so they are in the second also. If anyone should deem this assertion to be too bold, that it was left to the "Seitz" to teach the world and show what real good pictures are, he certainly ought to make a critical comparison with other works of this kind. The average collectors are, of course, satisfied with the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 illustrations in the new "Berge," and everybody admits that the but- terflies illustrated therein, in that complex mixed company in which caterpillars, plants and butterflies are placed together upon a tinted background, present an attractive picture. But, alas! how do these "pictures" compare with those of the "Seitz," taken from a scientific viewpoint, which is of the greatest importance to the collector? If, for instance, a Batis in the "Seitz" is entered into competition with the corresponding picture of a Batis in the "Berge," plate 28, figure 49, e, a vast difference manifests itself. This also applies to the illus- trations of the Vienna peacock's-eye-butterfly ! Looking at plate 29 of "Berge," without comparing real nature, one is well pleased with the pyri picture, fig. i, b; but a comparison with the figure in the "Seitz," table 316, discloses the mistakes of the former at once. The borders and the ground of the wings of pyri are in the "Berge" yel- lowish-red, whereas, in reality, they are grey, as correctly depicted in the "Seitz." Of course the representation of pyri in the "Seitz" does not make a brilliant showing, as only one-half of the insect is illustrated, which is furthermore not as finely touched up, in order to be in accordance with real nature, and because it does not show any head. But by comparing it with a specimen in one's collection, it is at once evident, that, viewed from above, all pyri seem to be head- less, as also spini and pavonia. The picture in the "Berge," which shows a big head, is nothing but a phantasm, while the half-picture in the "Seitz" is pure, genuine nature. It is therefore to anybody, who earnestly intends to work in Entomology, far more valuable, than the "trimmed-up" and "pleasingly grouped" illustrations of ama- teur-works. This point apparently so accessory has been mentioned quite in- tentionally, as there is a species closely resembling pyri, namely at- lantica, on which, viewed from above, the fore-head is clearly to be seen. As the plates in the "Seitz" are admittedly scientific in their preciseness, everybody may find in them a productive source of ento- mological perception, and an inexhaustible spring of pleasure. To convey an idea of the number of plates contained in the different vol- umes of "Seitz," so far printed, it must be mentioned, that up to last year they already exceeded 500. As it is, the author has unquestionably earned well-deserved praise with the eminently satisfactory issue of the Second Volume of Ma- crolepidoptera. In the meantime Volume III has also been finished, and Volume IV is nearly completed. It goes without saying, that these later volumes are just as excellent in every particular as the two former ones. "Macrolepidoptera of the World" is also published in a separate English edition by the Verlag des Seitz'schen Werkes, Stuttgart, Ger- many. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 14! Doings of Societies. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NAT- URAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Meeting of November 2Oth, 1913, Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presided. Ten persons were present. Dr. Calvert exhibited a specimen of Erythrodipla.v berenice Drury (Odon,), a salt marsh species from Philadelphia, August ist, 1909, by G. M. Greene. This is the third Philadel- phia record. Dr. Skinner exhibited a picture of the store that was form- erly situated at the northwest corner of Second and Market Streets, Philadelphia, occupied as a drug store by Speakman & Say, the first meeting place of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in 1812. The Say mentioned was the father of Thomas Say, called the father of American Entomology. Mr. Laurent said he had collected specimens of Colias philodice as late as November 7th, showing the mildness of the present fall. Mr. J. R. Malloch was elected an Associate of the Sec- tion. Meeting of December 8th, 1913, Mr. H. W. Wenzel, Vice- Director, presided. Nine persons were present. Dr. Calvert exhibited two lantern slides, showing a beetle, Pachyteles seriatoporus Chaudoir, taken in a bromeliad, at Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. He called attention to certain struc- tures of the legs, viz. : a spine on the first femur and a groove armed with a row of stiff hairs on the first tibia as quite similar to the apparatus known as the antenna-cleaner of the bees and ants ; he supposed that these parts of the beetle may be used for the same purpose. Mr. Wenzel said he had not observed any beetles using such an apparatus for cleaning the antennae. Mr. Liebeck thought the apparatus was used for holding objects of prey. Mr. Hornig reported finding salt marsh mosquitoes (Aedes sollicitans) at Cobb's Creek and Clearview, 'Plennsylvania. 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 He mentioned the prevalence of mosquito larvae in the Phila- delphia sewers in various places. He found thirty-two and forty-eight eggs respectively in two specimens of the Lubber grasshopper from Louisiana. Mr. Greene announced the death of Mr. R. Godfrey, an Associate of the Section. Mr. Ellwood R. Casey was elected an Associate. The following were elected officers to serve for 1914: Director Philip Laurent. Vice-Director Henry W. Wenzel. Treasurer Ezra T. Cresson. Conservator Henry Skinner. Secretary James A. G. Rehn. Recorder Henry Skinner. Publication Committee Ezra T. Cresson, Ezra T. Cres- son, Jr. Meeting of January 22nd, 1914, Mr. Laurent, Director, presided. Ten persons were present, including Mr. W. T. Davis, of Staten Island. Dr. Calvert exhibited eggs, triungulin larva, pupa and imago of Hornia gigantea Wellman (Col.), presented on behalf of Mr. F. X. Williams, who described and figured them in the NEWS for January, 1914. Mr. Laurent presented Noctua treatii and the fall form of Plus'ia precatlonis. Mr. Davis described a box for containing vials of alcoholic specimens devised by Mr. Sleight. He also described a device for mounting small insects on card points. Dr. Calvert read a letter from Dr. A. D. MacGillivray in relation to the so-called antenna-cleaner of the Coleoptera. Dr. MacGillivray said the structure was common in the Cara- bidae and was well represented in Harpalus caliginosus. Dr. Calvert sketched the apparatus in Harpalus and pointed out how it differs from that of Pachyteles. He called attention to Packard's mention of this structure (Text Book of Entomol- ogy, page 97). Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of three species of grouse lo- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 ousts (Acrydiinae), illustrating the retention of a nymphal type of pronotum in adults of several species. The tegmina and wings could be seen on careful examination, but being, largely hidden under the pronotum they could be easily over-! looked and the specimens mistaken for nymphs. This condi- tion of the pronotum is known to occur in four species of two genera, two of the forms being African, one Australian and the other, which is new, as far as known, is only found in the southeastern United States. Mr. Laurent called attention to a beautiful variety of Colias caesonia described by Jerome McNeill in the Canadian Ento- mologist for 1889 as Colias caesonia variety rosa. The speaker stated that this variety was found in many of our large collec- tions intermingled with Colias caesonia. The specimen in his own collection had been attached to the label Colias caesonia for more than twenty-five years, until Mr. Roswell C. Williams called his attention to its being the variety rosa. Specimens of Colias caesonia, as well as variety rosa were exhibited. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. OBITUARY. James John Rivers. James John Rivers, well known to students of the Lepidop- tera and Coleoptera, died at his home in Santa Monica, Cali- fornia, on December 16, 1913, at the age of nearly ninety years. He was born in Winchester, England, January 6, 1824. He studied medicine at the University of London, where he came under the influence of Thomas Henry Huxley ; he at- tended Faraday's lectures and became acquainted with Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. He attended the meetings of the Entomological Society of London, where he met Stainton, Douglas, Robert McLachlan, T. Vernon Woll- aston and others. He knew Francis Walker and G. R. Crotch. He lived and collected in Devonshire and other parts of England. He left his native country about 1867 for the United States, settling first in Junction City, Kansas; he was associated with the late Dr. Snow at the University of Kan- 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '14 sas; was in Denver for a short time and about the middle of the seventies came to Berkley, and became a Calif ornian naturalist for the remainder of his life. He became acquaint- ed with all the scientists of the State and played leading parts in all the various activities, including the California Academy of Sciences. He was one of a little group of naturalists, in- cluding Behr, Behrens, Stretch, Harford, Lockington, Dunn and others, who met informally and were known as the Ar- throzoic Club. Rivers was Curator of Organic Natural History in the University of California until he resigned about 1895, and removed to Ocean Park and Santa Monica, where he resided till his death. Prof. Rivers, as he was generally and affection- ately called, ranged over nearly the whole of the natural sciences ; he was a representative of the old time nat- uralists. He studied and published papers on living and fos- sil shells, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, spiders, reptiles and col- lected plants. His published papers are mostly in the Proceed- ings of the California Academy of Sciences, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Zoe, Papilio and Entomological News. Rivers, with the late L. E. Ricksecker, was the first to work out the interesting life history of Pleo- coma; he studied the habits of a new California!! turret building spider named in his honor by Cambridge ; he describ- ed a new Aniblychila, and in the Lepidoptera was especially in- terested in the genera Melitaea and Clisiocampa. His last paper was published only a short time before his death, in the Bulletin of the Southern California Academy for July, 1913, being a description of a new fossil shell from San Pedro. J. J. Rivers was a real naturalist, and to have known him was a great privilege. His little workshop and museum behind his house in Santa Monica, filled with books and specimens, will always be remembered by those who were ever in it. F. GRINNELL, JR. DR. ARNOLD PAGENSTECHER, well known for his work on the Lepidoptera, died in Wiesbaden, June n, 1913. He was born in 1837. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV These cabinets are the best and safest ever designed for the preservation of insects. They are used by the leading museums in the United States. Send for our illustrated booklet describing them. BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS FOR SALE Books, Pamphlets and Periodicals from the Library of Frederick Blanchard, including complete sets of Proceedings and Transactions, American Entomological Society. JOHN D. SHKRMAN, JR. 403 SENECA AVENUE, MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK PHOTOGRAPHING for ENTOMOLOGISTS Every facility for photographing insects from whole to smallest parts. Plates 4x5, 5x7, or 6%x8%. From any insect or well-made microscopical mount Photographs for half-tones for your monograph, for record books or exhibition transparencies. EDWARD F. BIGELOW, PH.D. LABORATORY AND GALLERY, ARCADIA, SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT Write for terms and particulars. Send toe. for a copy of "The Guide to Nature" (popular nature magazine). NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entomological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc 74 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. NOVA COLLECTING CASES FOR FIELD WORK STRONG DURABLE CASES. PRICE REASONABLE. S. C. CARPENTER, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological News." K-S Specialties Entomology THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York North American and Exotic Insects of all orders in perfect condition Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis INSECT BOXES We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and can guarantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/3085 Plain Boxes for Duplicates Pasteboard boxes, com- pressed turf lined with plain pasteboard covers, cloth hinged, for shipping specimens or keeping duplicates. These boxes are of heavy pasteboard and more carefully made than the ones usually found in the market. Size 10x15% in Each $0.25 NS/ 3 o8 5 Each .15 i Lepidoptera Box < improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed turf (peat). Per dozen ....................................... 5.00 Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. Per dozen ...................................... 6.00 Caution: Cheap imitations are sold. See our name and address in corner of cover. NS/309I (For exhibition purposes) NS/3I2I NS/3I2I K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, glass cover fitting very tightly, compressed cork or peat lined, cov- ered inside with white glazed paper. Class A. Stained imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size 8xiix2>2 in. (or to order, 8%xio%xa% in.) $0.70 Size 12x16x2% in. (or to order, 12x15x2% in.) 1 .20 Size 14x22x2% in. {or to order, 14x22x2% in.) 2.00 Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. THE KNY SCHEERER CO. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th Street, New York, N. Y. PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION Gold Medal ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION : Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration, dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc. Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc.. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. FOR SALE Papllio columbus (gundlachianus), the brightest colored American Papilio, very rare, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. When Writing Pleane Mention "Entomological New." P. C. Stockhausen. Printer, 63-55 N. 7th Street, Philadelphia. APRIL, 1914. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XXV. No. J. Brackenridge Clemens, Died 1867, PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate -Editor. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. J. A. G. REHN.. PHILIP LAURENT, ERICH DAECKK. H. W. PHILADELPHIA: -- ' " '""' THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2. GO IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. 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BLACKBURN, 77 CENTRAL STREET, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Orders totalling less than 5,000 (all alike or different) double price. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate VI. DR. GEORGE WILLIAMS PECKHAM. (Courtesy of the Wisconsin Natural History Society.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XXV. APRIL, 1914. No. 4. CONTENTS: Muttkowski George Williams Peck- ham, M.D., L L.D 145 Girault Overwintered Cocoon Sur- viving Forest Fire ( Lep. ) 148 Banks Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica 149 Ellis New American Bees of the Genus Halictus ( Hym. ) 151 Girault Length of the Pupal Stage of Adalia bipunctata Linn (Col.) 155 Eyerand Menke Adelocephala bisecta (Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae) 156 Rowley and Berry 1913 as a Catocala Year (Lepid.) 157 Girault Supposed Diseased Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth and Record of Parasites (Hym.) 167 Rohwer The Nearctic Species of the Hymenopterous Genus Sympha Foerster 168 Malloch New American Diptera 172 Schmaltz Mantis religiosa Linnaeus in Rochester, New York, in 1913 (Orthop.) 178 Editorial The Ethics of Publication .. 179 Girault Fragments on North Ameri- can Insects VI (Hym., Lep.) 180 Entomological Literature 180 Felt Review of Kieffer's Cecidomyiidae 185 Doings of Societies Amer. Ent. Soc. (Ortli., Lep., Odon.) 188 Obituary Charles S. Welles 192 George Williams Peckham, M.D., LL.D. 1845-1914. (Portrait, Plate VI.) Fahrt der Blitz aus Wolkenmitte, Schlagt er wohl die starkste Eiche ; Tritt der Tod in unsre Mitte, Schlagt den Starksten er zur Leiche. Musikantcnfahrt. On January 10, 1914, Milwaukee's circle of nature students lost one of its most prominent members through death. Latent heart trouble, with an attack of angina pectoris as the immediate factor, ended the life of Dr. George Williams Peckham, patriot, educator, scholar and scientist. Dr. Peckham was born in Albany, Xew York, on March 23, 1845. In 1853 he came to Milwaukee, where he attended the public schools and proved himself both mentally and physically i45 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 a leader of men. At the outbreak of the Civil War he wished to join the Union ranks, but it was not till 1863 that parental consent was obtained. Within a month after his enlistment he was made a sergeant, and later fought with such personal valor in an artillery regiment, that he was made a first lieutenant at the age of 19 and placed in charge of a battery. After the war he went to Antioch College, in Ohio, and later to the Law School in Albany, New York, where he was admit- ted to the bar. In 1870 he enrolled in the medical course, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, being awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1872. Fitted for both the professions of law and medicine, Dr. Peckham decided to follow neither of the two, but took up the teaching of Biology in the East Division High School, then the only one in Milwaukee. In 1880 he married Elizabeth Gifford ; and from that period date practically all of Dr. Peckham's researches, most of them collaborations with his devoted wife. Three children, now living, proved the blessing of their union. About 1888 Dr. Peckham was appointed principal of the high school in which he taught. Four years later, in 1891, he was made Superintendent of Public Instruction, which office he held till 1897, when he accepted the office of Director of the Milwaukee Public Library, where he remained till his re- tirement, in 1910. In dealing with the work of Dr. Peckham, we cannot sepa- rate therefrom the work of his wife and collaborator. From the time of their marriage these two are inseparably linked in all phases of their work, in their researches, in their travels, in their very thoughts. Scientifically, their researches followed two definite lines each, in a way, logically the outcome of the other, that of psychology of spiders and wasps, and that of taxonomy of spiders. In taxonomy the Peckhams dwelt exclusively with tfhe Attidae-group of spiders ; the first of their many papers on the subject appeared early in the eighties and was followed by annual or biennial contributions of various length, the chief Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 of which appeared in the Proceedings, the Occasional Papers and the Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, and in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. The earliest contribution on what may be broadly termed "Animal Psychology" appeared about 1883, in the Journal of Morphology a brief treatise on mental powers of spiders. This was followed by several minor contributions in the publi- cations of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, on both wasps and spiders, a larger treatise on Sexual Selection and Protective Resemblance (1890), and finally, by the epoch- making work, "On the Instincts and Habits of Solitary Wasps." Bulletin No. 2, Wisconsin Geological Survey, pp. 4 & 245, 14 pis., 1898. It is upon this last-named work that the Peckhams' chief claim to fame rests. Based upon years of difficult and la- borious observations, it bore at once the impress of scientist, scholar and poet : the scientist analyzed, the scholar synthe- sized, and the poet idealized. Just as the "Origin of Species" has its fixed place as a classic of Biological Science, so the Peckhams' "Habits of Solitary Wasps" bids fair to become a classic of, at least, the psychological phase of animal study. Before this, scientific recognition had come to Dr. Peckham in the form of the presidency of the Wisconsin Natural His- tory Society and of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters ; in 1896, the University of Wisconsin honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws. The trait of "nature student" dominated in Dr. Peckham's life. To this he sacrificed the careers of lawyer and physician ; to this he sacrificed his vacations and what leisure hours he could spare from his arduous duties. Dr. Peckham, as the writer knew him, was a small man, somewhat bent with age, rheumatism and the close application necessitated by his my- opia. The scholarly stoop, the silvery white hair, and the mod- erate gait impressed everyone as attributes of a man who has made his mark on the world. On public or semi-public occa- sions the thoroughness and breadth of Dr. Peckham's infor- 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 mation was surprising, even as the modesty and moderation with which it was put forth won him innumerable friends. Amiable, moderate, modest, kindly and scholarly, in these words his personality is best described. There is one aspect of his work which is probably very little known, or if known, appreciated. This is the literary aspect of his work. "For literary attainment among modern writers I look to Dr. Peckham," a well-known professor of English has said to the writer. "For clearness, elegance and simplicity of style, combined with lucidity and aptness of diction, Dr. Peckham merits a place among the best of modern literary men, and certainly one of the very best among scientific men." With his retirement, in 1910, Dr. Peckham practically ceased his scientific labors. It was then his intention, as stated re- peatedly to the writer, to devote all of his time to his favorite studies, but the revolutions in Mexico interfered with his planned investigations in that country, and his severe rheuma- tism would not permit much outdoor work at Milwaukee. The year 1910 therefore practically marks the close of Dr. Peck- ham's career as educator and scientist. As stated on a former occasion (Ent. News, 22, p. 460, 1911) Dr. Peckham's types have been deposited chiefly in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, while the re- mainder of his spider collections and the greater part of his library on spiders have been donated to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Although Mrs. Peckham has expressed a contrary intention to the writer, it is hoped that she will continue the work so well begun and carried on with her collaboration. To her, the able wife of an able husband, these meager words are dedicated. R. A. MUTTKOWSKI, Madison, Wis. Overwintered Cocoon Surviving Forest Fire (Lepid). Of several cocoons of Attacus cecropia obtained at Annapolis, Maryland, during the winter of 1898, one had been exposed to a woods fire, its outer covering burned off and the next cover very much scorched. Still the adult emerged the following May in perfect con- dition. Several others of the same species, obtained the next several winters, were uninjured. A. A. GIRAULT. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica. By NATHAN BANKS, East Falls Church, Virginia. Dr. P. P. Calvert sent me for determination a small collec- tion of these insects which he made in Costa Rica, together with two specimens given him by Mr. C. H. Lankester. As few species have ever been recorded from that country, the following records will be useful. [I have added a few notes which are enclosed in square brackets. Most of the specimens will be placed in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. PHILIP P. CALVERT.] NEUROPTERA. Corydalis crassicornis McLachl. Cartago, at the street electric lights in May ; Alajuela, Sept. 12, 1909. [According to the late Professor P. Biolley's "Ele- mentos de Historia Natural Zoologia," San Jose, 1899, the Costa Rican name for Corydalis is Maria seca, dry Mary.] Myrmeleon crudelis Walk. Mangrove swamp, Puntarenas, 2 Feb., 1910. Myrmeleon mexicanum Banks. Cachi, 21 Sept., 1910 (C. H. Lankester). Brachynemurus fenestratus Banks, Trans. Atner. Ent. Soc. xxxix, p. 221, 1913. In a rice field along the railroad between Turrucares and Atenas, Dec. 21, 1909. Road from Hac. Guachipelin to Li- beria, Jan. 17, 1910. The first-named locality is that of the types of this species which were collected by Prof. J. F. Tris- tan at the same time. Colobopterus trivialis Gerst. Juan Vinas, 3300-3500 ft., June 29, July 30, 1909. [The specimen of June 29 was on a long freely-hanging vine in the deep shade of the ravine of the little Rio Naranjo, the posi- tion assumed being such as to give the insect a most stretched- out appearance, as antennae, body, wings and hind legs were held parallel to the vine, the wings folded over the back roof- wise. On July 30 two of this species were pairing on a branch over the "farther" waterfall.] j , Ululodes tuberculatus Banks. Rio Tizate, Turrucares, 23 Dec., 1909. I5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Leucochrysa sp. Cachi, 22 Sept., 1910 (C. H. Lankester), near L. ceratica, but the basal part of the antennae pale. Leucochrysa calverti n. sp. Pale yellowish, face unmarked, basal joint of antennae brown, and a dark spot at outer tip, rest of antennas pale; a dark spot each side on pronotum, and on anterior and lateral lobes of the thorax ; a dark spot on the second segment of the abdomen, and another toward tip ; legs pale. Wings hyaline, venation pale, costal end of costals, and radial end of radial cross veins dark; gradates dark, and faintly bor- dered, outer forkings dark, dark on cubital cross veins, and a rather large spot on origin of radial sector; stigma dark; hind wings have pale venation, stigma and outer cross veins faintly dark. Pronotum plainly longer than broad, narrowed in front. Wings of moderate size, fore wings rounded at tip, hind wings acute ; four to six gradates in each series of fore wings, five in each series in the hind wings ; in fore wings the outer gradates are about as near to the inner as to margin, and inner about as near to radial sector as to outer row; in hind wings inner series nearer to radial sector than to outer series ; the divisory veinlet reaches nearly to end of third cubital cell. Expanse, 23 mm. Holanda Farm, Banana River District, 5 Nov., 1909 (Cal- vert). Type in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. Leucochrysa ceratica Navas. Alajuela, 4 Sept., 1909. Chrysopa effusa Navas. Cartago, July 9, Aug. 20, 1909. [The specimen of July 9 was reared from a larva collected June 17. The larval cov- .ering, to which the maker had attached fragments of the bodies of the insects on which it fed, had its free edge drawn partly together with silk to form the pupa case.] TRICHOPTERA. Leptonema albovirens Walk. Cartago, 13 July, 1909, in daylight; another specimen found floating in the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, near the Cebadilla electric plant, April 12, 1910. Heteroplectron maculatum Banks. Flying over river, close to water's surface, just after sun- set, Rio Liberia, Liberia, Guanacaste, n Jan., 1910. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. New American Bees of the Genus Halictus (Hym.). By MRS. MARION DURBIN ELLIS, Boulder, Colorado. (Continued from page 104.) Halictus pallidellus sp. nov. $ Length 5.5 mm. Head and thorax rather light metallic blue, the mesonotum with a tinge of brassy green. Abdomen brown, the margins of the segments pale testaceous. Face round, a little broader than long, closely punctured except on the vertex, which is very shiny, cheeks and face with abundant short white hair. Flagellum testaceous. Mesonotum very shiny, punctures only moderately fine, and well separated, especially scattered just mesad of the parapsidal grooves, median groove distinct. No rim around the disc of the metathorax. Basal area without a true rim, the margin broadly rounded and very shiny, a narrow crescent-shaped area lying next to the post-scutellum finely roughened and with short indistinct plicae appearing very slightly depressed near the middle. Tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate. Wings milky white, stigma and nervures very pale yellow, costal and marginal nervures light brown. Legs dark brown, the tarsi testaceous. Abdomen shiny brown, all the segments finely and sharply punctured, all except the disc of the first and the middle of the second segment, with abundant short white hair. Pubescence not long but abundant throughout and everywhere pure white. Habitat. Roswell, New Mexico. I (type), and i cotype, at flowers of plum, April 14 (T. D. A. Cockerell). The affinities of this bee are uncertain ; the shiny meta- thorax, along with the very shiny mesonotum in which the punctures become more scattered along the parapsidal grooves, and the posterior margins of the segments, together with the short face, seem to place it in the same group with //. rjcphyms Smith, H. semibrunneus Ckll., and H. crassiceps Ellis, from all of which the milky wings and the abundant white pubescence readily separate it. It is smaller than either H, pruiiiosifonnis Crawford, or H. albohirtus Crawford, both species with milky wings and pale pubescence (H. pruinosiformis also has the dark costal and marginal nervures), from which the non-rugulose basal area of the metathorax also distinguishes it. Prof. Cockerell compared H. pallidellus with the type of H. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 albohirtus Crwf. in the U. S. National Museum, and found it considerably smaller and quite differently colored from Craw- ford's species. The following characters of H. albohirtus were noted as distinctive on comparison with pallidellus: Head and thorax yellow-green, almost golden green ; front dull and coarsely granular, vertex shining in contrast ; mesothorax very yellow, shining, with strong, not dense punctures ; area of meta- thorax rugulose, with median impressed line and shining rim (area smaller, apical part hardly sculptured, in pallidellus} ; white hair on apical part of abdomen very long and abundant ; anterior wing about 4.75 mm. long (much less in pallidellus} ', hind tarsi, knees and apices of tibiae clear light fulvous. The color of the wings is about the same in both species. Halictus microlepoides sp. nov. 9 Length 5.5 mm. Bright, metallic blue. Face almost round, only the shiny, black, apical half of the clypeus produced below the eyes ; f rons and vertex finely and closely punc- tured, the punctures more scattered on the finely roughened lateral areas of the face; clypeus and supraclypeal area shiny; cheeks very shiny. Thorax opaque; the mesopleurae with coarse punctures above and coarse f ovea above the middle ; upper half of the metapleurae with rather strong plicae. Mesonotum with fine scattered punctures and sharp, close and rather coarse lineolations. Basal area of the meta- thorax a little longer than the scutellum, with a low, rounded, faintly, shiny rim extending well laterally; the surface finely lineolate and with rather numerous, strong, reticulate rugae. Tegulae dark testa- ceous, impunctate. Wings hyaline, stigma pale testaceous, the nervures darker, costal ner- vure piceous ; second submarginal cell very little smaller than the third. Legs black, knees and tarsi dark brown. Abdomen almost nude, very shiny throughout, discs of all of the segments with very minute punctures ; the narrow apical margins of the segments dark testaceous. Pubescence very scant, pale gray on the legs and under side of the body. Habitat. Organ mountains, La Cueva, New Mexico, alti- tude 5300 feet, i (type) 5.5 mm. at flowers of Datura meteloides DC, August 31 (Townsend) ; Mesilla Park, New Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153 Mexico, in the Agricultural College building, I, cotype, May 8, 1895 (Cockerell No. 2930). This species looks very like and is closely related to H. pruinosifomnis Crawford, and H. lazulis Ellis, from which the very sharp lineolation of the mesonotum clearly separates it. Halictus eophilus sp. nov. 9 Length 6 mm. Head and thorax rather light bluish-green, clypeus and supraclypeal area shiny and a little brassy; abdomen clear brown, margins of the segments much paler. Face round, clypeus somewhat produced, closely punctured, vertex, between the ocelli, shiny ; ocelli glassy white and larger than in H. connexus Cresson (which is a much larger bee). Antennae dark brown, paler beneath. Mesothorax broad, disc rather shiny, with only very weak lineola- tions, but with numerous, close, only moderately fine punctures, which are quite evenly distributed over the entire mesonotum ; median groove distinct but not deep, parapsidal grooves rather indis- tinct. Metathorax not strongly retracted, the truncation without a rim ; a distinct shiny rim around the basal area, widest immediately on either side of the middle, and extending well laterally, truncating the strong, crooked rugae. Tegulae clear, pale testaceous. Wings whitish hyaline, stigma and nervures light testaceous, costal nervure reddish brown. Legs brown, testaceous on the knees and tarsi. Abdomen shiny, but finely and scatteringly punctured, margins of the segments testaceous; segments three to five and sides of one and two clothed with a thin white pubescence. Pubescence of the face, sides and legs white and very scant, a little denser on the cheeks. Habitat. La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, alti- tude 5300 feet, r (type), at flowers of Datura meteloides DC., September 5, before sunrise (Townsend) ; I, cotype, at flowers of Datura meteloides DC., August 31 (Townsend) ; r, cotype, at flowers of Nuttallia wuiltiflora, September 2 (Town- send) ; Las Cruces, New Mexico, i, cotype, on Hclianthus, June 10, 1894 (Cockerell No. 917). This species is clearly a near relative of H. perpunctatus Ellis, and H. pruinosiformis Crawford, with which it shares the rimmed and rugose basal area of the metathorax, and the close even puncturing of the mesonotum. The light clear 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 brown and totally nonmetallic abdomen, together with the very pale tegulae separate it from every other species of the H. perpunctatus group. Like every other species of this group, unless H. sancti-vincenti Ashmead be admitted to it, H. eophilus is a species of the Rocky Mountain region. Halictus diversopunctatus sp. nov. 2 Length 6 mm. Bright olive green throughout, the metathorax bluer. Head broad, facial quadrangle square, narrowed below, clypeus but little produced. Entire face rather shiny, although closely and finely punctured above ; front without a median carina below the antennae, supraclypeal area almost impunctate in the middle, not marked off from the lateral areas by a distinct sulcus, the face evenly convex right across in this region, almost to the orbits ; cheeks shiny but finely punctured. Mesopleurae shiny, coarsely punctured; metapleurae opaque with a very few faint plicae near the upper end. Mesonotum somewhat shiny, with numerous rather fine and close punctures of three distinctly different sizes, the very fine and the coarsest both less abundant than the medium ones. The punctures especially crowded on either side and just in front of the parapsidal grooves ; median groove obsolete. Basal area of the metathorax narrow, with a low rounded rim limited to a short space immediately on either side of the middle, the surface distinctly lineolate and with numerous, simple, strong plicae reaching the truncation. Tegulae bright brown, impunctate. Wings hyaline, very faintly yellow ; stigma pale yellow, costal nervure piceous, the other nervures light brown; second and third submarginal cells subequal. Legs dark brown, inner spur of the hind tibia with five well developed teeth. Abdomen blunt, discs of the segments with minute punctures, apical margin of the segments narrow and testaceous ; segments 3 to 5 covered with short grayish hair. Pubescence pale grayish and rather abundant on the face, cheeks and thorax ; faintly yellowish on the mesonotum and legs, white below. Habitat. California, I (type), No. 930, collector and exact locality unknown. This species may be separated from all other species of the genus found in North America, with a green abdomen, by the character of the mesothoracic punctures and the configuration of the supraclypeal area. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 Halictus proangularis sp. nov. 9 Length 6.5 mm. Head, thorax' a.nd abdomen rather dark, uniform greenish blue, abdomen more shiny. Head longer than wide, clypeus produced for half its length beyond the eyes, the margin black and closely punctured. Face rather finely and closely punctured ; the narrow margin of the lateral area of the face, along the supraclypeal area and clypeus shiny and unsculptured. An- tennae dark brown, cheeks narrow. Tubercles pointed and the antero-lateral angles of the pronotum sharply projected, forming two broad angles on each side, somewhat curved forward. Mesonotum finely lineolate and rather finely punc- tured, the punctures rather close and crowded except along the median groove and at its anterior end. Metathorax very short, the entire sur- face closely lineolate, basal area narrow and crescent-shaped, slanting sharply downward, with a low narrow rim extending well laterally, and numerous weak, simple plicae that extend over the rim at the sides. Tegulae pale brown, the anterior half with very fine punctures and rather long yellowish hair. Wings dusky and pale brownish, stigma and nervures dark brown. Legs light brown, somewhat paler towards the tarsi ; covered with rather dense, rich ochraceous hairs. Abdomen broad and blunt at one end, the first segment almost impunctate and very shiny, the rest of the surface finely punctured, margins of the segments not testaceous. Segments three to five and the sides of segment two with a thin, pale buffy pubescence. Pubescence scant and ochraceous, a little paler on the face and lower part of the pleurae. Habitat. Bayamon, Porto Rico, I (type), January, 1899 (August Busck). In U. S. National Museum. The relationships of this species are not clear. The sharp tubercles and antero-lateral angles of the prothorax separate it from all of the other North American green Halictus. The uniform greenish blue color with the dark wings gives it a superficial resemblance to H. aqnilae Ckll., which, however, is a much larger species, with a short face and a very different metathorax. Length of the Pupal Stage of Adalia bipunctata Linn. (Col.) Two larvae of this species pupating on June 19, 1900, at Annapolis, Maryland, emerged five and a half days later. Another pupating May 27, 1900, emerged early in the morning of June 3, or after six and two-thirds days. When disturbed, the pupa raises itself very quickly to a perpendicular position. A. A. GIRAUI/T. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Adelocephala bisecta (Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae). By JOHN R. EVER and CHESTER H. MENKE, Greenville, Ohio. (Plate VII.) Adelocephala bisecta, together with its near relative A. bi- color form the only two representatives of this genus in the United States. These two show a remarkable similarity in their larval habits, and as both feed on the same food plants they have not, until very recently, been distinguished. The moth of A. bicolor, in coloring and marking, resembles very closely the female moth of Anisota senatoria. Yet the males of the two may very easily be distinguishd, for bisecta lacks the transparent spot on the fore wings which is so char- acteristic of the male senatoria. The fore wings of bisecta are ochre-brown, speckled with purplish dots and crossed by a purple border line. The dis- cal dot, although white, is very small and inconspicuous. The under wings vary from orange to carmine, but are most deeply colored near the abdomen. The body is ochre-brown, and very "furry." Male and female are marked exactly alike, but the wings of the male are more acutely cut. The antennae of the male are pectinate at the base, and simple at the tip ; those of the female are simple. In the Ohio valley bisecta is double brooded, the moths being found late in May, and then again in July. The eggs are light, brownish green in color, and very flat. They are laid in mats or clusters, and may be distinguished from those of bicolor by their brownish tinge. In nine days the caterpillars can be seen through the egg-shell, and on the eleventh day they hatch. The little caterpillars are % inch in length, yellow green in color, and bear eight dark colored, knobbed horns on the second and third segments, as well as a smaller one on the anal segment. They will feed on either honey locust ( Gleditschia) , or Kentucky coffee-tree (Gymnocladus). In about two weeks they moulted, coming out dark green, with yellow horns and granules. Along each side they bore a stripe composed of yellow granules. After the third moult ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXV. Plate VII. ADELOCEPHALA BISECTA-EYER & MENKE. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 they developed four silver-colored horns on the seventh and ninth segments. Before, these were only rudiments resembling large granules. In the last moult many of the granules, as well as the last set of horns on the third segment, and the lines on the anal segment, take on this silvery color. The eight horns on the second and third segments vary from orange to light blue. Along each side they bear a compound sublateral line composed of a yellow and blue stripe running parallel to one another. When full grown the caterpillar is about i% inches in length. Its main distinguishing marks from the bicolor are its greater number of silver horns and yellow granules, and in the lighter color of the eight horns on the second and third segments. Near pupation, the caterpillar burrows and, in the cell it forms, turns into a very dark brown pupa about i% inches in length and heavy in proportion. The pupa resembles bicolor very closely although it is not so rough on the wing cases. The caterpillar period of bisecta is from 46-50 days. The pupae are very inactive, yet are seldom diseased. The moths emerge in late afternoon or early morning, and may be easily mated in capitivity. They are night flyers and, as all the Ceratocampids, fly very late. 19 J3 as a Catocala Year (Lepid.). By R. R. ROWLEY and L. BERRY, Louisiana, Missouri. In the middle region of the Mississippi valley this has been the best Catocala year since the summers of 1900 and 1901. Like the season of 1900, the past summer was hot and rain- less and a poor one for most butterflies. Even in August, when the Papilios usually are plentiful along the streams, there was an almost entire absence of them about their usual haunts. In June, it is true, the Fritillaries were abundant through the woods and at Asclepia-s bloom, but that was just as the drought set in, and they were the only butterflies that were abundant here in Pike County, Missouri, in 1913. There was a great scarcity of the "Little Wood-Satyr," Neonympha eurytris, 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 never scarce here before, and even the Monarch and the Vice- roy were among the rarities. Scarcer than "hens' teeth" was the "Goat Weed Butterfly" and the drought actually burned up its food plant, Croton capitatum. Hardly a Grapta was to be seen and only an occasional "Red Admiral." In September, when the rains came, a few Cloudless Sul- phurs, Dwarf Yellows and Little Sulphurs, but not a nicippe, flitted about the straggling flowers in the creek beds. It was a great year for the Argynnids, as we said before, and perfect clouds of them hung over the milkweed flowers, magnificent Cybeles and occasional Idalias, those splendid "Sil- ver Underwings." At one sweep of the net one could take a dozen Cybeles. Some of my school boys took a few of the "Red-spotted Purples," but, all in all, it was a gloomy butter- fly year. However, the poet has told us that every cloud has a silver lining, and the silver lining to the 1913 cloud was the great abundance of Catocalae. The season began early with the usual number of ilia, yielding some splendid varieties, the "white spots," "the pale front wings" and some with the top side of the forewing almost black, but never a yellow hind wing, such as the Senior Author took two years ago. Epione was fairly common and residua in great numbers. Innubens and its varieties came later than usual and scintillans outdid itself in its varieties and beauty. One splendid specimen had intensely black front wings with an almost white outer border and lacking the suffused boundary. Habilis was very plentiful, as also palaeogama, with its varieties, annida and phalanga. Better than all else, the very giant of "Underwings," viduata, always heretofore scarce in central Missouri, was almost com- mon. The Senior Author and Mr. George Dulany took quite forty between the middle of July and the last of August. Perry Click took numbers of it in Caldwell County and shared equal- ly with the Pike Countians in catches of the usually rare nebulosa and junctura. It was distinctly an ilia-epione-residua- palaeogama-habilis-viduata year. From pupae of bred larvae, the first imagoes of illecta emerged June the i/|.th and that was the "beginning of the Vol. XXVJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 fun." In the woods searching for Cato-larvae from June loth to the middle of the month no imagoes were flushed, but a quest for winged creatures on the 2Oth bagged several ilia. On the following day, accompanied by Mr. George Dulany, the Senior Author took two polygama, two ultronia, one illecta, two innubens, four epione and twenty-eight fine ilia, five or six of the latter being white spotted and one almost black. The day was a close one, with a temperature of ninety degrees, and the moths were at the bottoms of the trees. June 25th was a sultry day after several showers, and Catos were fairly abundant. Lowell Pinkerton was the companion on this trip. A "red-letter" day was June 28th, when Mr. Dulany and the Senior Author added to the usual catches one each of coccin- ata, dejecta and parta. The first palaeogama was seen on July 3rd. We sugared on the night of the 4th, 'but failed to get many moths. The first residua from bred chrysalids appeared on the 5th and specimens of that species and the first neogama in the woods on the 6th. This was the trip on which the best of the scin- tillans were taken. The first retecta was from a bred chrysalis, July nth. The first amica was taken on the I2th, along with the first cara and many palaeogama and inniibens. George Dulany, Harold Davenport and the Senior Author chased the "millers" on July I3th, taking many residua, neo- gama, cara, palaeogama, innubens, scintillans, one retecta, two grynea, a few polygama and ragged ilia and epione. The first habilis was a bred specimen on July i6th. In the woods the first habilis was taken on the Kjth. At the same time Mr. Dulany took the first cerogama, an imperfect junc- tura and the first phalanga. On the 2 ist day of July, the Senior Author took the first viduata, some fine retecta and the second cerogama. July 23rd was a hot day with a heavy atmosphere and Catocalas were abundant, high and low, but nothing new was added to the series taken on the 21st except a snoviana. With a heavy atmosphere after a shower and at a tempera- l6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 ture of 90 degrees, close and cloudy, we took many moths, in- cluding half a dozen fine rarer, two splendid viduata, four brand-new habilis, the first lacrymosa, besides the species men- tioned on the i 3th. Alone in "Catocala Hollow," on the 28th, Mr. Dulany took two viduata, one lacrymosa and the first each of nebulosa and amatrix. With the thermometer at 100 degrees, close and dry, July 29th, Mr. Dulany and the Senior Author found the woods alive with Catocala, along the branch and upon the bench and side of the hill, innubens, cara, palaeogama, neogama and retecta, in the hollow, with residua, palaeogama and viduata along the hill slope. The valuable catches were three viduata, one cerogama, and the first vidua, as well as the first angnsi. July 3oth yielded Mr. Dulany three nebulosa, one viduata, one splendid carissima and numbers of cara, palaeogama, re- tecta, etc. ; two nebulosa, one vidua and the first lucetta on the 3 1 st. August 2nd gave us three vidua, two viduata, one lucetta, three lacrymosa and a ragged flebilis, the first of the season. August 4th, one nebulosa, three znduata and one vidua. Cara, innubens, palaeogama, residua, habilis and neogama were es- pecially abundant. The day was close, dry, hot, 92 degrees. On the 5th, took two fine lacrymosa, one splendid paulina, one angusi and many habilis. The day was warm, close, cloudy and threatening- rain. The "high-water" mark" of viduata was August /th, when four perfect ones were taken, besides one vidua, one angusi, one lacrymosa and a number of good cara. The first piatrix of the season was taken on this trip. Another "red-letter day" was August nth, when the Senior Author, accompanied by Dr. Roy Marsh, took a dozen cara, one amatri.r, one nebulosa, four vidua, four viduata, two angusi, two lacrymosa, neogama, palaeogama, retecta and residua. There were Catocalas on almost every tree, high and low, in a close, hot, moist atmosphere after a slight rain. In company with Dr. Marsh again on the I3th, the record Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l6l of the nth was almost duplicated, the species taken embracing nebulosa, vidua, viduata, lacrymosa, angusi and one ragged flebilis. One nebulosa and one piatrix on the i5th. On the i6th, in company with Mr. George Dulany, took two vidnata, one lucetta, five lacrymosa, three of which were panlina, one poor flebilis, the first robinsoni, a ragged female nebulosa, seven vidua, etc. Added a lucetta on the iQth. Although the temperature was 94 degrees, warm and clear, on the 2Oth, moths were few and nearly all high on the trees. One viduata, one robinsoni, five vidua and cne ragged lucetta. On August 28th, took four robinsoni and other Catos. Moths abundant and at the bases of the trees. Saw a vidua, a palae- o gain a, a residua and an innubens on the same tree. On the 3Oth, took two viduata, nine vidua, two robinsoni, one lacry- mosa and the last of the nebulosa, a very ragged male. September ist, in company with Mr. Dulany, found moths plentiful. Took twenty-six robinsoni, thirteen vidua, four piatrix, one amatrix, one ragged junctura. The moths were at the bottoms of the trees and the temperature was 105 degrees at 2.00 P. M. On September 5th, took three robinsoni, besides many other ragged things. The day was like the 1st in every way, but Catocalas were far less abundant. Mr. George H. Hosenfelt, of St. Louis, reports September 7th as one of the best Cato days of the year. He took viduata, phalanga, evelina, paulina, zelica and a splendid mavmorata. He captured the last named on the bare bark of a great elm. September loth saw a few ragged robinsoni and vidua in the woods and robinsoni again on the iSth. On September I5th Mr. E. A. Dodge, of Santa Cruz, Cali- fornia, reports taking Catocala hippolita on shade elms. With the Junior Author, the Catocala season at Vinton, Iowa, hardly began before August and was at its best about the first of September, and the catches included minuta, ultronia, polygama, clintoiii, innubens, parta, cerogama; retecta, palaeogama, neogama, piatrix, cara, amatrix, nnijiiga, relicta and varieties, one coccinata, arnica and meskei. l62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Both of the authors are still somewhat puzzled over the scarcity of Catocalas one day and it may be, their great abundance the very next. On damp, sultry days, insects fairly swarmed in the valleys, not only Catocalae, but other winged hexapods, while on close, hot days the moths were usually abundant and low on the trees everywhere. On cool or high- windy days few moths were to be seen, high or low. The puzzle is what becomes o"f all the Catos on such days. After all, isn't it barely possible that one year is quite as prolific of moths as another and the supposed great abundance of some years is merely the result of weather conditions that drive the moths to the forest and low on the trees? At least, this will account for the abundance or scarcity on certain days. Another point, in observation on one species, namely, lacrymosa, that this moth fluctuates in numbers from day to day, being fairly common one day and almost totally absent the next, under the same weather conditions. It is true, they may be high in the trees and always fairly common during their season, but this is hardly probable. One can imagine that they migrate from place to place in the woods. The Junior Author found that some species rare in the daytime were rather common at night, as she sugared. The Dodges found that true of amatrix here some years ago. Now, amatri.v is a rare moth by daylight at Louisiana, but not uncommon at bait in the late summer eve- nings. It was interesting to find, this summer, that several species of Catocala feed at flowers and the observation was the result of the accidental finding of the pollen grains of Asclepias cornuti adhering to the legs of innubens, epione and residua. Of female Catocalae, imprisoned in paper sacks for eggs, numbers of retecta, residua, palaeogama, habilis, neogama and vidua lived a month, supplied with crushed or bruised grapes for food and with a change of air and food every day. Some of these prisoners, fairly fresh, laid no eggs, while battered specimens sometimes laid hundreds. Some specimens hardly survived a week, dying with no apparent excuse. In the forest, Catocala viduata proved to be easy game, Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 rarely flying away from the hickory or white oak on which it rested, even if disturbed, while lacrymosa took flight at the slightest sound and was hard to trap. Associated under the roots of trees overhanging the brook were car a, amatri.r, junctnra and nebulosa, the last named always out of sight, and the wariest of the Catocalae. Mr. Dulany seemed to make a specialty of capturing epione, lacry- mosa and nebulosa, and certainly became proficient in taking them. Residua, angusi and Judith are always at rest on hickory and usually the shell-bark variety. Vidua, vidnata, rob'msoni, retecta and habilis on hickory or white oak, and occasionally on sugar tree ; arnica on white oak. Both Mr. Ernst Schwarz and George Hosenfelt report the capture of Catocala titania about St. Louis in the early part of the season among the crabs and hawthorns. On the collecting trips of June 2ist, 28th, July 4th, 6th, I2th, I3th, iQth, 27th, 2Qth, 3ist, August 2nd, i6th and September ist, Mr. George W. Dulany accompanied the Senior Author, and it was his unerring eye and perseverance that made pos- sible many of the best catches. As a Catocala hunter, he has no superior. Perhaps we should call attention to the entire absence of Catocala subnata and insolabilis and the great scarcity of flebilis, amatri.r and piatri.v in the neighborhood of Louisiana, Mo., in the summer of 1913. The attempt to feed the young larvae of Catocala aspasia on willow was a failure and the caterpillars that hatched on May 5th lived nearly two weeks. RESUME" OF OBSERVATIONS IN 1913. June 15 illecta, rarely taken in the woods. 20 first ilia with the white spotted variety. 21 first ultronia, poly (jama, inniibcns, c pious. 25 first scintillans. 26 minuta. 28 coccinata, dejecta, parta. 29 ultronia abundant. 29 aholibah (bred.) 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 July 2 neogama (bred.) 3 verecunda (bred), first palaeogama. 5 grynea (bred) nebulosa, 1912. 6 neogama, first in the woods insolabilis, 1912. 6 residua, first in the woods. Afterward very plentiful. 6 innubens and scintillans, suddenly become plentiful. 11 retecta (bred.) 12 first arnica and cara. Innubens numerous. 13 retecta in the woods, grynea viduata and pau- lina, 1911. 16 habilis (bred.) 19 habilis in the woods, cerogama, ragged junctura. 19 phalanga. 21 first viduata. 23 residua, palaeogama and cara, abundant. 23 cerogama, snoviana. 27 lacrymosa. 28 nebulosa, amatrix. 29 angusi. 30 carissima. 31 first vidua, lucetta. Aug. 2 ragged flebilis. 5 paulina. 7 first piatrix. 16 first robinsoni. 30 robinsoni and z/tdwa fairly common and good. Imagoes are worth taking for a month from first appearance. 1913 gave an abundance of epione, residua, palaeogama, habilis, viduata, nebulosa, robinsoni. DESCRIPTIONS OF EARLY STAGES. Catocala aholibah. Eggs of Catocala aholibah, as well as those of the variety colora- densis hatched on the ist and 2nd of May and at one and a half days of age were light grayish brown with dark brown heads and about one-fourth of an inch in length. Lateral lines and stripes indistinct. The larvae of both these forms indistinguishable throughout their growth. On the 5th, the larvae of aholibah moulted for the first time and were light in color, with large bi-lobed head, distinct tubercle and short black bristles. Longitudinal body lines more distinct. The little caterpillars after the first moult take to the twigs for color protec- tion ; i. e., lie lengthwise of the twigs. The second moult occurred on the morning of the 8th and the lar- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 vae were over half an inch long, dark gray with fine longitudinal light lines. A strong hump over the 5th abdominal segment. Head large with facial white lines. Face flat, slightly lobed above. The top of the abdominal hump black. The third moult occurred on the I2th and I3th and the larvae were about an inch long, dirty gray with a big head, bearing a pair of blunt-like tubercles above with yellow lunules in front. Body tuber- cles yellow-brown. A sharp dark brown hump with a yellow point over the 3rd pair of prolegs. A pair of strong tubercles over the 7th abdominal segment. After the fourth moult on the :6th, the caterpillars were from i l / 2 to 1^4 inches long, light gray with a yellowish tinge. Tubercles white with black tips. Head large, flat in front, lobed above with yellowish tips to the lobes and heavy black lines behind the lobes. Head a lit- tle lighter in front than the rest of the body. A pale brownish band just behind the hump over the 3rd prolegs. The hump is hardly dis- tinguishable from the body color except it has a white top. The pair of tubercles over the 8th abdominal segment have black tips and are strong. The under side of the body light with round black spots. By May 21 st, the larvae of aholibah were full grown and less than three inches long, thick heavy caterpillars, gray with a brownish tinge, black dots in encircling irregular white patches. Tubercles black in a white basal spot. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro- legs light yellow brown. Hump with dark base and yellow tip. The lateral row of setae rather short. The bristles on the top of the tubercle short. Head bi-lobed above with a broad black band behind the lobes. The true legs reddish brown with cross black bands at the segments. Spiracles black with an encircling white patch or line. A cross patch of lighter than body color over the first abdominal seg- ment. The under side of the body pale or white with a midrow of large black spots in red-brown or yellow-brown patches. All of the coloradensis larvae died after the fourth moult and the first of the aholibah began spinning on the 23rd. From a number of chrysalids of aholibah but one imago emerged, a fine male, on June 2pth, with a pupal period of over five weeks. The chrysalids were killed, perhaps, by heat. The larvae of both aholibah and coloraden- sis fed on bur oak. Catocala faustina and var verecunda. Eggs of Catocala faustina and variety verecunda hatched on the 4th and 5th of May. The larva of verecunda at the first moult on the afternoon of the 7th was one-third of an inch long, light color, witli almost white dorsum. Head light chestnut. Larva slender. Just before the second moult on the roth, the larva of verecunda l66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 is light greenish, much darker, almost black, along the abdomen be- hind the hump to the rear end. Head light chestnut. After a moult on the I4th, the larva was over half an inch long, pale brown with a cross black band and hump over the 3rd pair of prolegs. Head flattened, body color much like the larva of Catocala cara. On the i6th, the larvae were about three-fourths of an inch long, very light brown, almost cream color, striped indistinctly. A dark reddish brown band crosses the body over the 3rd pair of pro- legs. The hump slight. Head as in cara. Moulted on the I7th. On the 28th, the larvae of both faustina and verecunda were about grown. One of the latter was very light with a tinge of brown. Another, a decided brown with pink tubercles. Lateral setae very short. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro- legs very pale, obsolete on top. The dorsal hump small, pale straw color. Head as in cara, flattened and lobed above with yellow-brown lobes, behind which is a dash of black to the mouth, the dashes unit- ing above. Under side of the body white with the central row of black spots. Pinkish around the spots. All of the verecunda larvae except two or three, could not slip their tough skins at the last moult and so died. Either the food was not damp enough, or the larvae lacked strength. The first larva of verecunda began spinning on June 2nd and was two inches long, light brown with yellow tinge. Very short lateral setae. Tubercles red- brown but dull. The longitudinal lines indistinct. The hump over the 3rd pair of prolegs small and with a light straw colored top. The cross band behind this tubercle, or hump, is only slightly darker than the general color, and that only on the side. The crest over the 8th abdominal segment slight with a dark line behind it that runs down on the side to the spiracles. Spiracles small with a dark ring about each. Head yellowish, strongly so at the lobes above. A dark encir- cling line surrounds the face. Under side of the body greenish white, with a midventral row of black spots with a slightly pinkish border. Larvae fed on willow. No distinction between the larvae of faustina and verecunda. The first larva of faustina cocooned on June 5th. On the 3rd of July, one pupa of verecunda gave a moth, twenty-seven days after beginning to spin. No other chrysalids of either faustina or verecunda gave imagoes. Catocala residua. Eggs of Catocala residua hatched on May 4th, the same day that the verecunda eggs hatched. On May 7th, before first moult, the lit- tle caterpillars were 1-5 to Y\ of an inch long, light reddish brown with small darker head. Slow growth. On the loth, larvae still small, color dark gray, striped longitudinally with white. Head small, dark. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l6/ After moulting on the I7th, the larvae were three-fourths of an inch long. Very dark brown, almost black, striped longitudinally with light and black lines. Head round and colored as body. True and prolegs light or flesh color. A mid-dorsal row of triangular whitish spots. No dorsal hump. After the moult on the 2ist, the larvae were over an inch long, dark brownish gray with large round head, slightly lighter, not dish- ed in front as in aholibah, and the cara group. A line of small light reddish brown mid-dorsal triangles w_ith the vertical angle toward the head. True legs cream color. No apparent row of lateral setae. After moulting the last time, the larva was gray-brown with large round head, white and brown mottled. True and prolegs flesh color. Tubercles light reddish brown. Tubercular bristles rather strong. No lateral setae. The grown larva of residua is from 2 l / 2 to 2^4 inches long, light grayish brown, streaked longitudinally with black and cream color. Whole surface with black dots and broken black lines. No dorsal hump or lateral setae. Tubercles light straw color. True legs faint- ly pinkish. Prolegs flesh or straw color. Head round, not lobed, and with pale red brown linear mottling. The top of the crest over the 8th abdominal segment straw color. Under side of body white with the usual row of mid-ventral round black spots with hardly a sur- rounding tinge of red. The tubercular bristles strong. The colony was fed on pecan. The first larvae began spinning June 6th. The first imagoes appeared July 5th, twenty-nine days from the time the larvae began spinning. A larva of residua taken under hickory bark in the woods was over two inches long, very light gray with a mid-dorsal row of light triangles surrounded by dark brown, almost black. A dark brown, almost black spiracular band. Head light gray with pale reddish brown mottling. Stiff tubercular bris- tles but no lateral setae. Under side of body whitish-green with the mid-ventral row of smoky black spots. No humps. Prolegs faintly greenish. True legs pale. No facial dash but with a black splotch either side of the mouth. This larva was much lighter in color than the brood of larvae bred from the egg but the imago differed little from other residua. Supposed Diseased Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haworth and Record of Parasites (Hym.) Among a number of eggs of this species obtained during the winter of 1900-1901 there were some which appeared to be diseased in other- wise healthy masses. These were coffee-colored with irregular black- ish markings, and afterward no evidences of eggparasitism by insects were obtained. From many of the overwintered bags Catolaccns thyri- dopterygis Ashmead was obtained and a few Smicra manac Riley. The latter seemed to be the host of the Catulaccus. A. A. GIRAULT. l68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 The Nearctic Species of the Hymenopterous Genus Sympha Foerster.* By S. A. ROHWER. As far as the writer can learn no record of the host of any species of the Dacnusine genus Sympha has ever been pub- lished. Mr. C. T. Greene has bred a species, Sympha agromy- zae, from the pupa of a species of Agromyza where it is a primary parasite. The conditions under which the host lives &nd some remarks on the parasite will be published by Mr. Greene. While studying these Nearctic species the writer studied the literature dealing with the European species and judging from it none of the species noted here are the same as any of the European species, although sericea (Provancher) is evidently closely allied to ringens (Haliday). TABLE TO THE SPECIES. Mesonotum coarsely sculptured, notauli not sharply defined; (head rather densely and strongly punctured above antennae), belfragei Ashmead Mesonotum not coarsely sculptured, notauli well defined i 1. Prescutum without a median furrow; head below the antennae shining and impunctate lucida Rohwer Prescutum with a median furrow which is foveolate; head below the antennae punctured 2 2. Head above the antennae impunctate; suture in front of the scutel- lum without a strong longitudinal carina, portlandica Rohwer Head above the antennae with separate punctures ; suture in front of the scutellum with strong carinae 3 3. Dorsal and posterior aspects of the propodeum separated by a com- plete oblique carina; (antennae 29-jointed, scape black; hind tarsi dusky) nigricornis Rohwer Dorsal and posterior aspects of propodeum not separated by carina 4 4. Hind tarsi dusky; antennae 27 to 29-jointed; median carina of first tergite complete to apex sericea Provancher Hind tarsi pale; antennae 32-jointed; median carina of first tergite not extending to apex agromyzae Rohwer *A contribution from the Branch of Forest Insects of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169 Sympha belfragei (Ashmead). Oenone belfragei Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. n, 1888, P- 649- Sympha belfragei Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1898, p. 30. "Male and female. Length, 3 to 3 2-5 mm. Black, opaque, rugosely punctate, covered with a sparse, white, sericeous pubescence ; two basal joints of antennae and legs flavo-testaceous. The head is transverse, very short, about twice as wide as long vertically ; the eyes are oval and extend to the base of the mandibles ; the clypeus pro- jects much below the lower line of the eye, and with the short head and the distended mandibles gives the insect a very peculiar appear- ance. Antennae 3i-jointed in the male, 29-jointed in the female; the thorax is shorter than the abdomen, with distinct parapsidal grooves, the middle lobe has a punctured longitudinal groove down the center ; metathorax areolated; abdomen oval, the sculpture having a longi- tudinal direction, the first segment being more distinctly striated ; in the female it is 4-segmented, in the male 5-segmented, the terminal segments being very small. Wings hyaline, iridescent; veins brown; the recurrent nervure joins the 1st submarginal cell between the mid- dle and the apex; the submedian cell is slightly longer than the me- dian. "Habitat. Texas. "Described from four specimens, two male and two female, in collection Belfrage." [Original description.] Type. Cat. No. 2978, U. S. N. M. Sympha lucida new species. Male. Length, 2.75 mm. Head entirely smooth, shining, itnpunc- tate ; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate ; anterior margin of the labrum obtusely pointed ; ocelli not enclosed by a furrow ; antennae 29-jointed, third joint about one-third longer than the fourth; meso- notum shining, almost impunctate; prescutum without a median longi- tudinal line; notauli finely foveolate posteriorly, where they unite, strongly foveolate; suture between the scutum and scutellum with four strong rugae ; scutellum shining, almost impunctate ; dorsal as- pect of the propodeum shining, not separated from the posterior as- pect by a carina, strongly reticulate; entire sides shining, almost im- punctate ; first tergite longitudinally striate and with nine longitudi- nal rugae, second and third segments longitudinally striate, the striae irregular and not as strong as on the first tergite; the posterior seg- ments shining, impunctate. Black; scape piceous beneath; legs ferruginous, the hind tarsi slightly dusky; wings hyaline, iridescent; venation pale brown. I7O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Easton, Washington. Described from one male collected by A. Koebele. Type. Cat. No. 16471, U. S. N. M. Sympha portlandica new species. Male.' Length, 2.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum broadly rounded ; anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate ; head below the antennae subopaque with fine, poorly defined and rather separated punctures; head above the antennae shining, impunctate; ocelli not surrounded by a furrow; antennae 25-jointed, the third joint subequal with the following. Mesonotum shining, practically impunctate ; pre- scutum with complete longitudinal furrow which is finely foveolate; notauli rather coarsely foveolate and forming a U posteriorly where they are reticulate ; suture between the scutum and scutellum with two fine longitudinal rugae ; scutellum shining, impunctate ; dorsal and posterior aspects of the propodeum not separated by a carina, both reticulate; posterior part of the mesepisternum shining, impunc- tate, anteriorly strongly reticulate ; sides of the propodeum sculptured like the posterior face ; first tergite sculptured like the following two, finely striato-reticulate with the striae predominating, no predominat- ing carina on three basal tergites; the following tergites shining, im- punctate. Black ; palpi piceous ; legs below the coxae ruf o-f erruginous ; the four posterior tarsi being dusky ; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown. Portland, Oregon. Described from one male collected April 28. Type. Cat. No. 16472, U. S. N. M. Sympha nigricornis new species. Female. Length, 3 mm. Head below the antennae opaque, closely, rather finely punctured ; above the antennae shining, with well de- fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by deep furrows; antennae 3O-joint- ed, the third and fourth joints subequal; mesonotum shining, sparsely punctured with well defined punctures ; prescutum with a complete longitudinal foveolate furrow ; notauli more coarsely foveolate, and posteriorly V-shaped with the apex of the V reticulate so as to be U-shaped ; suture between the scutum and scutellum with five strong rugae ; scutellum shining, impunctate ; dorsal aspect of the pror podeum finely reticulate on a granular surface and with two poorly defined longitudinal carinae which extend posteriorly to the oblique carina which separates the dorsal and posterior aspects ; posterior as- pect of the propodeum reticulate ; posterior part of the mesepister- num shining, sparsely punctured with well defined punctures; the an- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. terior portion granulato-reticulate ; sides of the propodeum coarsely reticulate; first tergite more coarsely longitudinally striate than the following and with a complete, very prominent median carina ; sec- ond and third tergites with fine, well defined longitudinal carinae which extend to the apex of the third tergite ; following tergites shining, impunctate. Black ; palpi ferruginous ; mandibles, malar space, and scape pice- ous; tegulae and legs rufo-ferruginous ; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown. Described from one female from Colorado without definite locality. Type. Cat. No. 16473, U. S. N. M. Sympha sericea (Provancher). Oenone sericea Provancher, Addit. fauna Canad. Hym., 1888, p. 394. Sympha sericea Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1898, p. 30. Original Description. " 9 . Long. .12 pee. Noire avec les pattes jaune-miel. Les mandibules jaunes avec 1'extremite noire. Antennes soyeuses, noires, le scape jaunatre en dessous ; les ecailles alaires jaunes. Le mesothorax a 3 sillons bien prononces, se reunissant avant d'atteindre la fossette de la base de 1'ecusson, les 2 lateraux creneles; le metathorax finement rugueux. Ailes hyalines, le stigma et les ner- vures brun-fonce. Pattes jaune-miel sans aucune tache y compris les hanches. Abdomen sans aucune tache, soyeux, seulement 3 seg- ments ; tariere a peine sortante. Ottawa (Harrington.)" Additional Characters. Head below the antennae with fine, rather close punctures, above the antennae with well separated and well de- fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by a deep furrow; median, longi- tudinal line of prescutum complete, well defined, f oveolate ; suture in front of the scutellum with four strong rugae; dorsal aspect of the propodeum irregularly reticulate on a granular surface, with two raised, but poorly defined longitudinal lines; carapace sculptured to apex, the following segments smooth. Above characters taken from a female from the type local- ity, collected by Harrington and now in collections of U. S. N. M. Sympha agromyzae new species. Fern-ale. Length, 3 mm. Head below the antennae shining, sparse- ly punctured with fine, well defined punctures ; above the antennae shining, punctured with sparse but well defined punctures; ocelli en- closed by a strong furrow; antennae 32-jointed, the third joint about one-fourth longer than the fourth ; mesonotum with fine, well defined I7 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 punctures; prescutum with a complete, longitudinally foveolate fur- row; notauli foveolate, U-shaped posteriorly where they are more strongly foveolate but are not depressed; suture between the scutum and scutellum with three strong longitudinal rugae; scutellum shin- ing, with a few fine punctures ; dorsal aspect of the propodeum coarsely reticulate and not separated from the posterior aspect which is also coarsely reticulate; mesepisternum ' reticulate, more strongly so anteriorly, with a rather small, shining, punctured spot on the posterior part; sides of the propodeum strongly reticulate; first ter- gite coarsely, longitudinally striato-reticulate, the striae predominat- ing, no complete, well defined median stria; second and third tergites sculptured similarly to the first, but not so strongly so; the apex of the third tergite almost impunctate and shining, as are the follow- ing tergites. Black; palpi pale brown; mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegulae in part, ruf o-ferruginous ; legs ferruginous ; wings hyaline, iridescent, vena- tion pale brown, stigma dark brown. Chain Bridge, District of Columbia. Described from one female recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk. U. S. 102193, collected by Mr. C. T. Greene and reared from species of Agromysa. A paratype from Ithaca, New York. Type. Cat. No. 16474, U. S. N. M. New American Diptera. By J. R. MALLOCH. The species included in this paper are described from types in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Hydrotaea cressoni, new species. Male. Glossy black, with a distinct, bluish tinge. Frontal lunule, face and eye margins beneath level of antennae silvery pollinose. Proboscis and palpi black. Mesonotum without any indications of stripes or pollinosity. Abdominal segments 3, 4 and 5 with a very distinct, elongate, anterior marginal spot on each side, forming an in- terrupted white fascia on each segment. Legs black. Wings clear. Calyptrae white, margins and fringe yellowish. Halteres yellow. Eyes distinctly, but not thickly, pubescent; frontal stripe narrow; third antennal joint not twice as long as second; arista with an elon- gate swelling at base, microscopically pubescent; cheeks linear, bris- tles numerous and moderately strong; palpi elongate, with numerous hair-like bristles. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173 Two pairs of presutural and four pairs of postsutural macro- chaetae on mesonotum ; acrostichals indistinguishable from the rather long discal hairs. Fore femur with a short, sharp, forwardly directed tooth at about apical fourth on the postero-ventral surface, on the base of which, on the posterior side, are 2 bristles ; antero-ventral surface with an elongate, ridge-like callosity slightly nearer to base of femur; bristles at base on postero-ventral surface very long, decreasing in length to middle; beyond the postero-ventral thorn there are 2-3 short bristles on same surface; fore tibia attenuated at base, hollowed out on ventral surface, the postero-ventral margin with a slightly raised ridge on middle; one long bristle on apical third of postero-ventral surface, one, shorter, on dorsal surface nearer to apex and another short one at apex on almost the posterior surface : fore metatarsus as long as next 3 joints. Mid femur thin, slightly curved, and except at near base almost bare; mid tibia without any bristles. Hind femur elongated, reaching slightly beyond apex of abdomen, curved, and slightly dilated on beyond middle ; ventral surface with two short, closely approxi- mated thick thorns, which have the tips dilated; anterior surface with a row of bristles which become longer and stronger, are more widely placed and descend slightly as they approach apex of femur ; postero- ventral surface bare ; hind tibia curved, apically becoming slightly thicker, and four-fifths as long as femur; ventral surfaces on apical half with numerous closely placed hair-like bristles which are at middle rather more than equal in length to the tibial diameter, and rapidly decrease in length to apex; dorsal bristle very long; antero-dorsal surface with a series of short bristles from base to upper antero- dorsal bristle. Wings with veins 3 and 4 slightly convergent ; last section of fourth vein 2^2 times as long as penultimate section. Calyptrae with the lower scale distinctly protruding. Length 4.5 mm. Holotype: Cloudcroft, New Mexico, May 24, 1902, (H. L. Viersck). Type No. 6053. Allied to ciliata, Fabricius, but the absence of the very long mid femoral apical bristles, so conspicuous in that species, readily distinguishes it from ciliata. Pseudostenophora bispinosa n. sp. Female. Black, subopaque. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi brownish- yellow. Wings slightly grayish. Halteres yellow, knob black-brown. Frons twice as broad as long; second row of bristles straight, one pair of bristles only in first row; antennae normal in size; arista nearly twice as long as width of frons, distinctly pubescent; palpi 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 slightly larger than third joint of antenna, with several end bristles; proboscis thickened and enlarged, almost identical in form with that of Aphiochaeta rostrata Brues. Mesonotum with i pair of dorso-centrals ; scutellum with 2 bristles. Abdomen almost bare, anal organs hairy. Fore tibia with i dorsal bristle before the middle; mid tibia with the normal 2 on basal third very weak, and the one at apex not dis- tinguishable; hind tibia without any bristle, or with a weak one on antero-dorsal surface before middle. Costa to about three-fifths the wing length, first division equal to 2 plus 3, 3 about three-fourths as long as 2; fourth vein leaving third at about midway from fork to apex with a very decided curve (as in Trupheoneura zntrincrvis Malloch) and ending almost at wing tip; seventh vein less distinct than the others, but complete ; costal fringe fine and close, its length equal to about twice the diameter of costal vein. Length 1.5 mm. Holotype 9, Westville, New Jersey, April n, 1900. Type No. 6054. Paratypes: 6 specimens with same data. I consider that this species belongs to the genus in which I have placed it rather than to Trupheoneura with which it has certain affinities. The species in the latter forms have the seventh vein interrupted except in the case of the female of lugubris Meigen, which has that vein complete, but indistinct. There is a close resemblance between certain species in Tru- pheoneura and others in Pseudostenophora, but so far as I have seen the following set of characters may be relied upon to distinguish the species of the latter forms from all other Phorid genera: Frons much broader than long; mesonotum with I pair of dorso-centrals; scutellum with 2 bristles; male hypopygium large, but without any projecting anal organ and not highly chitinised as in Trupheoneura; legs with gen- erally the following bristles : i on fore tibia, 2 weak ones at basal third of mid tibia, and occasionally a weak one at apex, and the hind tibia never with more than one bristle ; third vein of wing forked. This is the first species of the genus that I have seen from America. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175 Paraspiniphora pennsylvanica n. sp. Male and female. Black, shining. Knee joints yellowish. Halteres yellow. Wings slightly browned. Frons glossy, distinctly broader than long, the surface with numer- ous short hairs; first and second rows of (4) bristles almost straight; one pair of post-antennals present ; male antennae enlarged, third joint about half as large as eye; female antennae slightly enlarged, third joint about one-third the size of eye; arista bare, its length about equal to \y 2 times the width of f rons ; palpi and proboscis in both sexes normal, the former moderately bristled; one very long, downwardly directed bristle on cheek in both sexes. Mesonotum with i pair of dorso-centrals ; basal pair of scutellar bristles much weaker than apical pair in both sexes. Abdomen almost bare; male hypopygium with numerous hairs. Fore tibia with 3-4 serial bristles on dorsal surface from base to apex; mid tibia with 3 antero-dorsal bristles, 2 on basal half and one near apex, and 4-5 on almost the dorsal surface from base to apex ; hind tibia with generally 10 bristles, 5 on the dorsal and 5 on the antero-dorsal surfaces, arranged in pairs, besides the apical spurs; no ventral bristles present on either of the posterior pairs to tibia. Costa to middle of wing; first division about i 1-3 times as long as 2 plus 3, 3 half as long as 2 ; fourth vein slightly bent at base, leaving just beyond fork of third and ending almost in fore margin of wing owing to its gradual forward inclination; one strong bristle present on base of third vein ; costal fringe close and fine, equal in length to about twice the diameter of costal vein. Length 3-4 mm. Holotype : $ , Swarthmore, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1905 (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). Type No. 6055. Paratypes: i male and i female same data. Resembles spinosissima Strobl, and spinulosa Malloch. but differs in chaetotaxy from both. Aphiochaeta submanicata n. sp. Male. Yellow, slightly shining. Frons brown, surface with grayish pollinosity ; antennae brownish yellow, arista brown ; palpi clear yellow. Mesonotum reddish yellow on disk ; pleurae yellow, with a large blackish patch below wing base ; postnotum black-brown. Ab- domen black-brown on dorsum ; basal segment yellowish at base ; each segment with but slight indications of a pale posterior margin ; anal protuberance and hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, mid coxa with a black streak on posterior surface ; apices of hind femora blackened. Wings clear; veins brownish, very distinct except at apices of thin veins. Halteres clear yellow. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Frons slightly longer than broad; lower post-antennals not half as large as the strong upper pair ; central pair of bristles in first row slightly below level of upper post-antennals and nearer to them than to eye margin; outer pair in same row slightly higher placed than upper post-antennals and about as far from the central pair as from eye margin ; antennae of moderate size ; arista slightly longer than f rons, slightly pubescent ; palpi large, the size exceeding that of the third antennal joint, almost bare, the bristles very short. Scutellum with 4 bristles ; mesopleura with numerous short bristles. Abdomen tapering; second segment slightly the longest, the others subequal ; last 2 with numerous short discal hairs and a few longer posterior marginal hairs ; second segment with several lateral hairs which are not very conspicuous ; anal protuberance large, well ex- posed, the apex with the usual curved hairs. Basal joint of fore tarsus about three-fifths as long as fore tibia, and slightly longer than joints 2 plus 3, much swollen, as thick as tibia; hind femur with soft hairs to middle on ventral surface; hind tibial setulae very weak and hair-like. Costa to wing middle ; first division slightly longer than second, and shorter than 2 plus 3, third division slightly less than half as long as second ; fourth vein leaving at beyond fork of third with a slight bend and ending, recurved, at before wing tip ; costal fringe equal in length to interior arm of fork (free end of vein 2). Length 1.5 mm. Holotype: Frankford, Philadelphia, September, 1913, (J. R. Malloch). Type No. 6056. Taken indoors on window. This species is allied to projecta Becker, but differs ma- terially in wing venation. It shows a nearer approach to wagnipalpis Aldrich in venation but differs in coloration and other characters from that species. Leptocera (Limosina) subpiligera, n. sp. Male. Black-brown, slightly shining. Face and cheeks, distinctly whitish gray pollinose ; pleurae, lateral margins of mesonotum nar- rowly, and abdomen on sides gray pollinose. Legs black-brown. Wings clear, veins black, vein 4 traceable to margin though not dark- ened beyond cross-vein, vein 5 not distinguishable beyond cross-vein. Halteres with yellow knob and darkened pedicel. Frons entirely shining; all bristles strong, the two orbital bristles subequal in size, anterior to the lower one there are several short se- tulae; divergent ventral rows of setulae distinct, incurved; 5-6 in number, increasing in length from upper to lower extremities ; face Vol. XXV ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177 buccate between antennae, slightly concave on middle, mouth margin not produced; cheek less than half as high as eye at its lowest part and gradually increasing in height posteriorly; vibrissa strong and long, incurved, behind the vibrissa there is an almost equally strong bristle which is upcurved and reaches almost to middle of eye. Mar- ginal bristles distinct and not particularly numerous ; mouth opening large, labrum slightly protruding, proboscis broad, at apex sucker- like, short; palpi small, with a few weak bristles; antennae rather above the average size, standing well clear of the eyes, third joint pilose, broader but barely longer than second, which has on the inner side at apex several distinct setulae; arista tapering, basal joints dis- tinct, but slightly thickened; pubescence sparse, distinct from slightly beyond base, arista in length equal to from its base to vertex ; eye bare, distinctly longer than high. Mesonotum with posthumeral bristle strong, incurved ; three pairs of dorso-centrals present ; acrostichals distinct from near anterior margin, between them and the anterior dorso-central there are 3-4 rows of short discal setulae ; scutellum with eight marginal bristles as in fontinalis Fallen, disk bare ; postnotum glossy black. Abdomen shorter than thorax, cylindrical in shape; second segment much elongated, the others short, all segments with numerous hairs, which are particularly noticeable, long and bristle-like laterally on apical segments ; hypopygium rounded, large, knob-like, its surface, particularly on venter, covered with numerous rather long hairs. Legs strong; fore tarsi gradually and distinctly dilated from base to apex; mid-tibia with seven dorsal bristles (2:2:3) and 1-2 on ven- tral surface ; mid-trochanter with a strong bristle ; apex of mid-meta- tarsus with 3-4 end bristles ; hind femur with a series of 5-6 bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibia with four rows of hair-like bristles, one on almost the ventral surface from base to apex, which is longest on middle, one rather shorter on anterior sur- face which is rather longest at base, one on dorsal surface consisting of 6-7 rather widely placed bristles, and a fourth much shorter on the postero-dorsal surface which is regularly and rather widely spaced and becomes longer toward apex; hind tarsus thickened, joints about, 2:3:1^ :i :2. Wings with costa to end of vein 3, second costal division I 2-3 times as long as third; costa setulose to end of first vein; outer cross-vein distinctly before the vertical line of apex of vein 2, the section of vein 4 between cross-vein equal to basal section of vein 3 ; outer cross- vein about half as long as section of vein 4 preceding it; last section of vein 3 slightly but gradually and appreciably bent forward. Length, 2 l / 3 mm. 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Holotype, male, Hazleton, Pa., August 7, 1909, (Dr. Dietz), Type No. 6057. Paratype: i male with same data. This species comes close to both piligera, Stenh., and zos- terae Haliday, but differs in venation from both of those spe- cies. Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, in Rochester, New York, in 1918 (Orthop.) One day, early in September, while collecting some Colias philodice, etc., I was amazed to find a large female mantis. I would not have observed it had it not been for a Xylocopa virginica which I was trans- ferring from my net to the killing bottle, and in doing so, knelt on the ground. This must have aroused the mantis from its hiding place. Being unaware of its habits, I picked up the specimen, but dropped it just as quickly, being pierced by the fore legs, which gave me a swol- len finger for several days. The females hide under long grasses, etc., and to collect them they must be aroused from their hiding places. They vary greatly in color. Some individuals are almost gray, while others are green, yellow, pale brown or dark brown. The males resemble a katydid in their flight, and differ very greatly from the females in regard to habits. They can be found flying from bush to bush, but are by no means common. The species interested me so much that I wrote to Mr. A. N. Cau- dell, U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C., for its identification, etc. It proved to be Mantis religiosa L., introduced into this vicinity some years ago. As it is an insect of predaceous habits, eating other in- sects, etc., it should be therefore protected. A few beneficial insects may be destroyed by it, but, on the whole, it is to be regarded as a friend. After becoming aware of their habits, I had no trouble in finding them in considerable numbers. In all, I must have taken 200 or more, two-thirds of which are females. The males are very slender, and resemble Stagmomantis Carolina very closely, being about i3/J to 2 inches in length. The females measure from 2*4 to 2 l / 2 inches, and are much stouter in form. I found a small quantity of egg-masses generally attached to the weeds or grasses, within two or three inches from the ground. They measure from i% to 1^4 inches in length. I shall try to raise these and take all possible notes. Should I be fortunate enough to get the complete metamorphosis, I will publish the results for the sake of some of our collectors. ROBERT SCHMALTZ, 319 Central Park, Ro- chester, N. Y. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1914. The Ethics of Publication. Several times during the past three years articles accepted for publication in the NEWS have appeared in other journals, subsequent to the date of acceptance here but before they could be published in this magazine. From the fact that the NEWS has been receiving material months in advance of the possibility of publication, we assume that it is a not unwel- come outlet of communication for entomologists. With such a bounteous supply, justice to our contributors suggests that we must publish accepted articles as nearly as possible in order of reception, after the current month's reviews and records of literature have been provided for. The enforced delay chafes some eager authors and exposes them to the temptation of offering their already accepted productions to other media less crowded at the moment, without advising us of their inten- tions. It is a marvelous thing, only appreciated in its full force by an editor, how nearly unanimous authors are as to the all-importance of their writings and how serious will be the damage to the world at large if each article be not pub- lished within one week of its reception by the aforesaid editor. Irrespective of the question as to the value of the entomo- logical articles that are published, it is true, at present, that the production exceeds the means of publication. It is, therefore, not economical to publish the same article in two journals. The space occupied by the repeat were better devoted to some- thing else. The NEWS does not intentionally publish that which has already appeared elsewhere, except in the case of brief notes or announcements. An author who publishes in two places an article not coming under these exceptions, is the thief of space, as well as of time, and excludes his fellow from the opportunity which his repeat usurps. 179 l8o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 Fragments on North American Insects VI. By A. A. GIRAULT, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Australia. (Also on pages 148, 155, 167.) Proctotrypoids With Wings Folded Upon Emergence (Hym.) From a note made in August, 1899, it appears that a species of Sceli- onidae was obtained from some lepidopterous eggs brought in from the field which upon emerging had the wings folded, later spreading as usual. Callosamia promethea Drury (Lepid.) A number of cocoons of this species taken at Annapolis, Maryland, February, 1900, and confined indoors at nearly normal temperature (in an attic), commenced to give forth adults on May 8 following. The cocoons were found in forest trees and wild cherrv. Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY B. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, "Washington. 3 The American Naturalist. 4 The Canadian Entomologist. 8 The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 The Ento- mologist, London. 21 The Entomologist's Record, London. 22 Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 35 Annales, Societe Entomolo- gique de Belgique. 36 Transactions, Entomological Society of London. 37 Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 40 Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 50 Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 65 La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 74 Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 84 Entomologische Rundschau. 87 Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 90 Revue Scientifique, Paris. 92 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 97 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 143 Ohio Naturalist. 153 Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 155 Nova Acta Academiae Cae- Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l8l sareae Leopoldius Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Ctiriosorum, Halle. 159 Bollettino, Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agararia della R. S. Superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici. 164 Science Bulle- tin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 173 Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, Fauna Americana, von A. Seitz, Stuttgart. 174 Bulle- tin, U. S. National Museum, Washington. 175 Aus der Natur, Berlin. 200 Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 205 Kansas State Agricultural College, Experiment Sta- tion. 216 Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 274 Archiv fur Zellforschung, herausgegeben von Dr. R. Goldschmidt, Leipzig. 279 Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 310 L'Echange, Revue Linneenne, Moulins. 311 La Science au XXe Siecle, Paris. 324 Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 332 Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. 368 The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento. 394 Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 399 Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cam- bridge, England. 407 Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 409 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 2nd Series. 427 Hawaii Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. 438 Bulletin of the Illinois State Labora- tory of Natural History, Urbana. 442 Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. 462 The Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. 463 Bulletin of the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 464 Flora og Fauna, Copenhagen. 465 Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschenden Ge- sellschaft zu Leipzig. 466 Handbuch der Entomologie. Heraus- gegeben von Dr. Chr. Schroder, Jena. 467 Zoologische Jahr- bucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographic und Biologic der Tiere, Jena. 468 Annales de 1'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier. 469 Annual Report and Transactions, Manchester Microscopical Society. 470 Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and Tabago. 471 Nova Scotia Department of Agricul- ture. GENERAL SUBJECT. Bachmann, M. Insekten und blumen, 216, xxvii, 271-72 (cont.). Bervoets, R. E. Contribution a 1'etude du vol des insectes. Etude du pterostigma, 35, Iviii, 6-17. Bordage, E. Notes biologiques recueillies a ITle de la Reunion, 200, xlvii, 377-412. Deegener, P. Muskulatur und endoskelett, 466, i, 481-528. Eckstein, K. Die metamorphose der insekten als gegenstand des unterrichts, 175, 1914, 237-46. Handlirsch, A. Aus der geschichte der entomologie. Ueber entomologische literatur und ihre be- nutzung. Zur entomologischen technik. Die systematischen grundbegriffe. Nomenklatur, typen und zitate. Terminologie der l82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 fur die systematik wichtigsten teile des hautskelettes, 466, iii, 1-112. d'Herculais, J. K. Capture des insectes par les fleurs des com- posees notamment par celles de Bardane, 87, 1913, 485-6. Mc- Glashan, X. Pioneer entomologists of California, 462, i, 99-100. Pic, M. Doit-on nommer ou non les varietes, 310, 1913, Dec. (separate of 4 pp.). Picard, F. Les champignons parasites des insectes et leur utilisation agricole, 468, xiii, 121-248. Rivers, James J. Obituary by F. Grinnell, Jr., 332, xiii, 16-17. Rudow, Dr. Massenhaftes auftreten von insekten, 216, xxvii, 263-65 (cont.). Turner, H. J. The terminology of variation, 21, 1913, 303-4. Vestal, A. G. An associational study of Illinois sand prairie, 438, x, 1-96. Watson, J. B. A circular maze with camera lucida attach- ment. (Applicable to entomological research.) 324, iv, 56-59. Weiss, F. E. Species, varieties and hybrids, 469, 1912, 42-50. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Kindle & Cunliffe. Regeneration in Argas persicus, 394, vi, 353-71. Robinson & Davidson. The anatomy of Argas persicus, 394, vi, 382-420. Cunliffe, N. Rhipicephalus sanguineus: variation in size and structure due to nutrition. Observations on Argas brumpti, 394, vi, 372-78, 379-81. Emerton, J. H. New and rare spiders from within fifty miles of New York City, 153, xxxii, 225-260. New England spiders identified since 1910, 442, xviii, 209-224. Ewing, H. E. New Acarina. General considerations and descriptions of n. sps. from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, 153, xxxii, 93-122. Gun- thorp, H. Annotated list of the Diplopoda and Chilopoda, with key to the Myriapoda of Kansas, 164, vii, 159-182. Silvestri, F. Novi generi e sp. di Koeneniidae, 159, vii, 211-17. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Assmuth, J. Termitoxenia assmuthi, Anatomisch-histologische untersuchung, 155, xcviii, 187- 316. Shull, A. F. Biology of the Thysanoptera, 3, xlviii, 161-176 (cont.). Simroth, P. Ueber eine verwandtschaftsbeziehung zwi- schen Trichopteren und Lepidopteren, 465, 1911, 9-21. A. L. Propagation des termites par 1'intermediaire de bois ou de meubles transportes. Distribution geographique des termites, 90, 1914, 114-5, 147-8. Anon. Biologic generale. La sexualite, 311, 1914, 5-7. Hood, J. D. Prosopothrips cognatus, a new No. Am. thysanopteron, 4, 1914, 57-59. Smith, H. S. Mealy bug parasites in the far East, 368, ii, 26-29. Williams, C. B. A n. sp. of Chiro- thrips from So. America, 9, 1914, 51-53. ORTHOPTERA. Gerhardt, U. Zum bau der spermatophore von Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 22, xliii, 382-3. Nabours, R. K. Studies of inheritance and evolution in O. 1, 407, iii, 141-170. Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183 Bordage, E. Observations biologiques stir quelques O., 200, xlvii, 391-96. Brindley, H. H. The proportions of the sexes of Forficula auricularia in the Scilly Islands, 399, xvii, 326-34. HEMIPTERA. Anon. La gomme-laque, 311, xii, 32-34. John- son, F. The grape leafhopper in the Lake Erie valley, 463, No. 19. Kershaw, J. C. Notes on Froghoppers, Tomaspis, 470, xii, 2-12, 53-54, 95-104, 197-204. Kornhauser, S. I. A comparative study of the chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of Enchenopa binotata and E. curvata, 274, xii, 241-298. Lombardi, D. Contribute alia conoscenza morfologica e biologica della tribu Fordina, 159, vii, 149-188. Urich, F. W. The sugar cane froghoppers and biological notes on some Cercopids of Trinidad, 470, xii, 12-52. Bordage, E. Observations sur quelques Hemipteres, 200, xlvii, 397-410. Davis, J. J. New or little known species of Aphididae, 4, 1914, 41-51 (cont.). The Cyrus Thomas collection of Aphididae, and a tabulation of species mentioned and described in his publi- cations, 438, x, 97-121. Headlee & Walker. The chinch bug (Blis- sus leucopterus), 205. Bui. 191. LEPIDOPTERA. Benjamin, F. H. Trick in mounting noctuids, 462, i, 103. Berry, L. Finding and feeding Catocala larvae, 462, i, 102-3. Dietze, K. Biologic de Eupithecien, 2d teil. Text, 172 pp., Berlin. Eltringham, H. On the urticating properties of Porthesia similis. Note on the structure of the fore legs in certain Lycaeni- dae, 36, 1913, 423-27, 507-8. McGlashan, X. Correspondence course in entomology. Lesson VII. The care of specimens, 462. i, 108-112. Oberthur, C. Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee. Fasc. ix. Re- vision iconographique des Phalenites. Lepidopteres de la Californie decrits par Boisduval en 1852 et en 1869. 44 pp. (1913). Reverdin, J. L. Armures genitales male et femelle et ecailles androconiales de Teracolus daira var. nouna, 92, x, 13-16. Rowley, R. R. Hunt- ing larvae of lepidopters, 462, i, 104-5. (cont.). Simroth, P. (See under Aptera.) Braun, A. F. Evolution of the color pattern in the microlepi- dcpterous genus Lithocolletis, 409, xvi, 105-168. Dognin, P. Hete- ropteres nouveaux de I'Amerique du Sud, Fasc. vii, 32 pp. Gibbs, A. E. New Central American Syntomidae, 9, 1914, 54. Kaye, W. J. Additions and corrections to my catalogue of the L. Rhopalocera of Trinidad, 36, 1913, 545-85. Linstow, Dr. V. Zur biologie und systematik der Psychiden, 92, x, 67-71. Matheson, R. The brown- tail and gypsy moths, 471, Bui. No. 5. Newcomer, E. J. The case of Vanessa californica, 4, 1914, 67-8. Oberthur, C. Une consulta- tion lepidopterologique, 65, xliv, 17-19. Rober, J. Phyciodes, 173, 434-448. Schaus, W. New sps. of noctuid moths from Tropical America, 50, xlvi, 485-549. Seitz, A. Melitaea, 173, 433-4. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 DIPTERA. Austen, E. E. Do house flies hibernate? 8, 1914, 39-40; 9, 1914, 69-70. Guppy, P. L. Life-history of syrphid fly predaceous on froghopper nymphs, 470, xii, 159-161. Hindle, E. The flight of the house fly, 399, xvii, 310-313. Koch, A. Anato- mische untersuchungen an Psychoda albipennis, 279, li, 163-213. Reum, W. Der weisse tod der "Musca domestica," 40, xxix, 13-14. Thompson, W. R. Osservazioni e note critiche su alcuni ditteri Muscoidei, 159, vii, 39-58. Woodcock, H. M. On "Crithidia" fas- ciculata in hibernating mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) and the ques- tion of the connection of this parasite with a Trypanosome, 22, xliii, 370-82. Brethes, J. Notes synonymiques sur quelques insects argen- tins. Une nouvelle espece d'Ulidinae du Tucuman (S. Am.), 87, 1914, 58-59, 87-8. Hine, J. S. Tabanus longus, fulvulus and sagax, 143, xiv, 225-28. Silvestri, F. Report of an expedition to Africa in search of the natural enemies of fruit flies (Trypaneidae), with descriptions, observations and biological notes, 427, Div. Ent., Bui. 3, 176 pp. COLEOPTERA. Grandi, G. Gli stati postembrionale di un C. (Otiorrhynchus cribricollis) a reproduzione partenogenetica ciclica irregolare, 159, vii, 72-90. Matheson, R. Life history of a dytiscid beetle (Hydroporus septentrionalis), 4, 1914, 37-40. Schir- mer, C. Reiche beute im winter, 84, xxxi, 7-8. Stellwaag, F. Welche bedeutung haben die deckflugel der kaefer? 74, xiii, 97-99. Der flugapparat der lamellicornier, 97, cviii, 359-429. Beaulne, J. I. Les C. du Canada (Catalogue), 37, xl, 103-111 (cont.). Bernhauer & Schubert. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 57: Staphylinidae IV, pp. 289-408. Blatchley, W. S. Notes on the winter and early spring C. of Florida, with description of n. sp., 4, 1914, 61-66. Kerremans, C. Monographic des Buprestides Tribe VII. Sphenopterini, vii, Livr. 1-3, 96 pp. (cont.). Pic, M. Nouveaux Anthicides exotiques, 310, 1913, 130-32. Coleopt'eres exotiques en partie nouveaux, 310, 1913, 98-100 (cont.). Coleopterorum cata- logus, Pars 58: Dascillidae, Helodidae, Eucinetidae, 65 pp. HYMENOPTERA. Bordage, E. Sur la biologic et 1'ethologie de divers H., 200, xlvii, 377-90. Christensen Lund, J. J. Era insekt- verdenen, 464, 1913, 120-1. Fahringer, J. Ueber den nestbau zweier bienen, 92, x, 16-20. Girault, A. A. Observations on an Australian mud dauber which uses in part its own saliva in nest construction, 92, x, 28-32. Wheeler & Mann. The ants of Haiti, 153, xxxiii, 1-61. Banks, N. New American Philanthidae, 153, xxxii, 421-426. Brues & Richardson. Descriptions of new parasitic H. from British Guiana, 153, xxxii, 485-504. Ducke, A. Ueber Phylogenie und Vol. xx v] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. klassification der sozialen Vespiden, 467, xxxvi, 303-330. Grae- nicher, S. Wisconsin bees of the genus Perdita. Geographical distribution and relations to flowers, 4, 1914, 51-57. Kieffer, J. J. Trois nouveaux Dryinides, 87, 1914, 90-91. Morice, F. D. Illustra- tions of specific differences in the saws of female Dolerids, 36, 1913, 428-35. Silvestri, F. (See under Diptera.) Viereck, H. L. Type species of the genera of ichneumon flies, 174, No. 83, 186 pp. CECIDOMYIIDAE, by J. J. KIEFFER, Genera Insectorum, Fascicle 152, pp. 346, pis. 15, 1913. This comprehensive work lists some 2500 species and 330 genera from all parts of the world. It is more than a list of the species, since it is a generic synopsis and contains keys for the separation of the various groups. It is well printed, the plates are admirably exe- cuted and the copious three-column index, occupying 19 quarto pages, makes the contents most accessible. The work has been prepared by one who has spent years of productive labor upon the group and has probably seen more genera and species of gall midges than any one else. The classification in this generic synopsis and list of species should therefore represent the latest and most advanced taxonomic ideas. The following tabulation gives the author's arrangement in outline and may be advantageously scrutinized : SYNOPSIS OF KIEFFER'S CATALOGUE OF CECIDOMYIIDAE. SUBFAMILIES AND TRIBES NUMBER OF GENERA NUMBER OF MONOTYPIC GENERA NUMBER OF SPECIES CECIDOMYINAE 285 176 2302 L,asiopterariae 16 6 231 Oligotrophiariae 49 34 678 Asphondyliariae 16 9 171 Brachyneuriariae 22 13 44 Cecidomyiariae 157 104 991 Porricondylariae 25 10 187 LESTREMINAE 32 19 '85 Campylomyzariae 24 14 IS' Strobliellariae I i i L/estremiariae 7 4 33 HETEROPEZINAE 14 ii 28 GRAND TOTAL 331 206 2515 The subfamilies remain about as they have been in recent years. There are some changes in the Cecidomyinae with which we are not in full sympathy. One is the combination of the Dasyneuriariae with l86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 the Oligotrophiariae. This earlier separation was one we found very convenient and, on the whole, satisfactory, though there are some in- termediate forms which are not easily placed. The occurrence of the latter by no means invalidates the division, since as our knowledge increases other perplexing genera will doubtless be discovered. The raising of Brachyneura Rond. to tribal rank and its placement with the Cecidomyinae, all turn on the characteristics of B. fuscogrisea Rond., the generic type. We have been able to discover no evidence that this form possesses circumfili, and the latter certainly is not true of American species we have referred to Brachyneura. Granting for a moment that this genus possesses the structures and is properly lo- cated and raised to tribal rank, we are then confronted by the fact that the author has placed here such genera as Kronomyia Felt and Haplusia Karsch, forms without circumfili. The tribe, as given in this synopsis, contains some discordant elements. We heartily endorse the reference of Aplonyx De Stefani to the Lasiopterariae and dissent somewhat to the inclusion in this tribe, of Camptoneuromyia Felt, a somewhat synthetic genus with, it seems to us, more affinities with the Oligotrophiariae (our Dasyneuriariae) of this list. The separation of Prolasioptera on account of the entire ventral plate, and particularly because of the dorsal group of chitin- ous hooks on the apex of the ovipositor, does not seem justified, in view of the fact that this combination of characters is not constant in American forms, and especially as the peculiar hooks appear in species referable to both Lasioptera and Neolasioptcra. We likewise confess skepticism as to the validity of Meunierella Kieff., at least so far as indicated by the American species the author referred to this genus. The Oligotrophiariae of this list comprise a large number of genera and introduce some radical departures from the earlier classification. We find Rhopalomyia Rubs, restricted to forms possessing recticulate circumfili and uniarticulate palpi. The reduction of the palpi indi- cates within certain limits the degree of specialization, though it hap- pens that in the American forms there is such evident diversity in these organs that we can not bring ourselves to believe such close di- vision advisable, since a rigid application of this rule might, with cer- tain American species, necessitate the referring of one-half of an in- sect to Misopatha Kieff. and the other to Panteliola Kieff., though we readily admit that in many instances the number of palpal segments is a character of great value in separating allied genera. In practice we have been unwilling in Rhopalomyia and its allies, to separate spe- cies simply because of a divergence in the number of palpal segments, and have always looked for some confirmatory character. A similar condition obtains, so far as American forms are concerned, in the Vol. XXV] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187 reference to a new genus, of a number of species of Asphondylia be- cause of the uniarticulate palpi. In the Porricondylariae we have an analogous condition in the author erecting Winnertziola upon char- acters which, in American forms, have proved inconsistent in their association, and we consequently believe that this name must become a synonym of Winnertzia. In connection with generic limitation we find, on referring to the above tabulation, that nearly two-thirds, namely, 206, of the genera listed are monotypic. This very large proportion is undoubtedly due in part to the fact that a number of these genera represent forms from countries where the fauna is comparatively unknown, such as Africa and India. Greater familiarity with the gall midges in these regions will undoubtedly show that some of these monotypic genera are rep- resentatives of considerable series. Eliminating these from considera- tion, we would raise a question on general principles as to the ad- visability of adopting a classification which necessitates so many mono- typic genera. Our familiarity with American forms indicates that some of these later divisions must be relegated to synonomy. The disposition of such genera in faunae with which we are unfamiliar can be determined only by a careful study of the material. Excessive di- vision can be easily remedied by consolidation later, and we must cer- tainly credit the author with an honest endeavor to outline the facts as they appear to him. In this connection we would simply voice a sentiment in favor of proposing generic names, only so far as may be necessary for the recognition of well marked groups, rather than the establishment of new concepts simply to indicate minor varia- tions. The many and varied forms of gall midges emphasize the need of conservatism along these lines. The author, in some instances, specifies the generic type, while in other cases the matter is ignored. We regret an apparent tendency to reduce some of the older genera to synonymy by grouping spe- cies under later names. This is a matter where the student must use his judgment to a considerable extent. We have favored wher- ever possible, the policy of validating and establishing the older generic names, because such procedure tended to reduce the syno- nyms now so burdensome in many groups. We find a curious con- dition respecting Trotteria, a genus originally defined in 1892 by Rubsaamen as Choristonenra. The only species mentioned at the time was obtusa Lw. This genus being preoccupied, a new name was proposed in 1897 by Kieffer and three species mentioned, one of which (not the one before the original author of the genus) is cited as type. This we believe to be irregular and a procedure not warranted by the International code. The author has made an attempt to define the subfamily, tribal and l88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, '14 generic characters of the larvae. He has done more along this line than any one else, and his efforts in this direction warrant the hearti- est approbation. It is at best a difficult subject. Aside from general taxonomic matters outlined above, we must call attention to the occurrence of numerous typographical and cleri- cal errors, a portion of which are probably attributable to the printer. These, while annoying and involving additional labor for the users of the list are, for the most part, readily eliminated. Without at- tempting to call attention to all the errors, we would simply state that on page 23, Neolasioptera squamosella and N. subsquamosa are nomina nuda, the first being based on an erroneous citation, and the second partly due to the writer's inadvertence in allowing the letters "n. sp." to remain after a detailed characterization of a species estab- lished originally in a tabulation. The identity of our numbers, if the two had been compared (which should certainly have been done prior to the proposing of a new name), should have indicated a probable identity to the compiler. A similar blunder is perpetrated in the pro- posal of N. agrostidis, for which the writer is likewise partly respon- sible. There are some inconsistencies in forms of citation. The au- thor fails to distinguish in all cases between the pagination of separ- ates and entire works ; volume or bulletin numbers are sometimes transposed, and there is an occasional orthographical error, the latter apparently being relatively scar